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Even an infinitesimal difference in the atomic bonding of an element such as Hydrogen or Carbon would have left Earth without life as we know it today. He is affronted when they speak to him. Abbas Beydoun. "She passed away at the ripe old age of 95." Awkward Age. He never considers the possibility that Shakespeare has perceived and is either consciously or subconsciously pointing to a deeper truth of life that can attract our attention only when it occurs in circumstances that appear inexplicable according to any normal conception of causality. Literature must not be confounded with sociology, philosophy, religion or psychology, though these give substance and depth to literature. Corrections? It is expressed in such untechnical form as to make it eligible and give aesthetic pleasure and relief to the mind of the common men. Appropriate approach makes all the difference. When authors use literature to express their values, they might do so by presenting either the way that they believe things should be, or by presenting things that go against their values in a problematic way. All the rest of her nature, the impulsiveness, initiative, foolishness and wild energy, are from the mother. In its corrective function, literature mirrors the ills of the society with a view to making the society realize its mistakes and make amends. After leaving the house, as Elizabeth is walking in the grounds, Darcy suddenly comes into view. Elizabeth and Darcy wish to marry those they can respect and love. Kelly argues that Austens conscious or subconscious attitudes are depicted through her characterizationssuch as in a comic clergyman and a boorish aristocrat. Literature is a reflection of the society is a fact that has been widely acknowledged. It contains the thoughts, reflections and observations of people in a Literature entertains and educates us. Today, however, oratory is more usually thought of as a craft than as an art. The British government had banned any mention of the French Revolution in fiction, and even if Austen had wanted to talk about it, she could not have. It is a great field for studying not only human psychology and sociology, but also understanding the relationship between our inner thoughts and the external acts in life. Literature gives a voice to people who dont have one and it allows us to empathize with people who are different than we are. The purest (or, at least, the most intense) literary form is the lyric poem, and after it comes elegiac, epic, dramatic, narrative, and expository verse. A great book is born of the brain and heart of its author; he has put himself into its pages; and are instinct with its individuality. TOS To use the word writing when describing literature is itself misleading, for one may speak of oral literature or the literature of preliterate peoples. The art of literature is not reducible to the words on the page; they are there solely because of the craft of writing. While there are some who take perfection of form to be the chief pre-occupation of literature, many more are inclined to the view that the primary value of literature is its human significance. But is it possible that the key to the whole story of Pride and Prejudice, and similarly, to many stories including those of our own lives, is in understanding why that first step was taken? Having erred in his choice of wife, he prefers to distance himself from her ambitions and schemes, taking refuge in books in the solitude of his library rather than facing her in open combat for supremacy in the daily life of the family. It reveals not only insights of individual and social character but of the character of Life itself. Historical Context of Life is a Dream. However, once she sees the place, she is greatly impressed by the beauty and elegance of the house and the grounds surrounding it. She is strong, seems to have infinite energy, and never gives up. "Life is the raw material from which the creative imagination of great writers generates works of fiction that are truer than lifetruer because they probe and reveal more deeply its real character." 1. Indeed, it becomes more and more difficult to categorize literature, for in modern civilization words are everywhere. That is the true purpose of literary criticism and of all art. Among the most frequent themes of horror literature are death, illnesses, including mental illnesses, creatures such as demons, among others. The choice turns out to be a subtle indication. I also feel that it helps me to get through things. Within a span of more than a thousand years from the Prophet Moses to the Apostle Paul, the Bible was written by numerous authors believed to be inspired by Gods divine wisdom and tries to explain about the mysteries of life as well as setting rules for ones personal faith. He has given up trade since the wealthy did not work or need to earn a living. Science describes these phenomena as singularities, but description is not explanation. Milagros Ramos. Ideas change with those conditions, which are never static. But actually, the story begins much earlier. She is the author of the classic " Little Women ". Austen captures this same movement in numerous events in the story. I also believe that music has the ability to convey all sorts of emotions. . In literature, we find stories aimed to describe human life and achievement through some characters who, by their w Continue Reading 6 4 Alexandria Farrar Studied at Orme School Author has 60 answers and 34.8K answer views 3 y Literature is the expression of life. Countless are the lovers of this lively romance, yet few are those who have delved beneath its superficial charm, delightful humor, entrancing energy and emotional intensity to uncover the profundity of wisdom it contains. The laws of morality, again, undergo changes from country to country and from age to age. Darcy accepts Bingleys friendship and his invitation, and almost takes responsibility for the new entrant to his class. 4. Literature is the reflection of the life in all its varied forms and shapes. Abraham Lincolns Gettysburg Address is known to every American schoolchild. Darcy usually takes decisions, and Bingley complies, even in matters such as whom Bingley should fall in love with, and whom he can marry. But instead, she depicted without commentary the changes that were taking place in British society, changes that had prevented a similar revolution there. The field of facial expression analysis (FEA) is over a hundred years old, and has now come of age. Definitions of the word literature tend to be circular. While the subject matter and treatment must be such as are of general human interest, the expression must be emotive; the form must give aesthetic pleasure and satisfaction. After hearing a glowing description of the master by Darcys old housekeeper, Elizabeth is filled with a gentle sensation towards him, and a deep sentiment of gratitude for what he had offered in proposing to her six months earlier. Entertaining literature enthralls us with suspense, humor and the intense action of an engaging plot. As long as our world lives, so does literature flourish. Long before human civilization started in this world, stories are found among the constellations, beneath the depths of the oceans, and within the woodland realm. Literature and Life Gilles Deleuze Translated by Daniel W. Smith and Michael A. Greco To write is certainly not to impose a form (of expression) on the matter of lived experience. 5. The literature of any nation is the image that reflects the sincere ideas, so we can call it the mirror of life which reflects writers ' thought about life and the real situation of the world around. What Is Literature? As a result, their range became limited; Chaucer was a much richer artist; his insight into life was also profound; but he lacked the spontaneity, the range, the popular appeal of the ballad-writers, that of the ballads of Mymansingha Gitika. At the first ball, Bingley chooses Charlotte for the first dance. What is Philosophy? Medgar Evers College. But this temporary aberration, which Austens genius captures with the alertness and clarity of an expert photographer, results from the momentary reversal of their fortunes. Literature acts as a form of expression for each individual author. Pemberley that had been the seat of the distinguished family of the Darcys is now open to the relations of Elizabeth. Bingley looks up to Darcy, is almost subservient to him, and brings him along to his new country home near the Bennet family. A writer can be a warrior with his words as his weapon. One example of people. Platos Allegory of the Cave speaks about the importance of human wisdom and the penalties that one would face to achieve a higher level of understanding. Such knowledge is impossible to obtain from a textbook of psychology for the simple reason that experiential, subjective truths that touch the emotions have a greater learning impact than abstract scientific knowledge in a textbook. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The works of Plato, Socrates, and Aristotle (the most famous Greek philosophers) contain virtues that promote perfection to a society if only human beings have the willingness to uphold and practice them. Admittedly, there is no single definition that encompasses what literature really is, but in general, when it comes to literature, we are dealing with something that has been very consciously constructed by an author using particular techniques and styles to express themselves. Science, in such a situation, assumes it is singularity or chance. Copyright. Pride and Prejudice is the story of romance in the Bennet household, and Elizabeth and Darcy are its hero and heroine. Do we sanction, subconsciously, every act in our lives? The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". It gives voice to the people who want to express their opinions about certain things in life whether it be in politics, health, religion, and the like. 3. 266 lessons So are Darcy and Elizabeth. In Pride and Prejudice, we definitely see that almost all get what they aspire for. This union of one man and one woman symbolizes the larger union of two classes. An excellent example is Gilbert Whites Natural History and Antiquities of Selbourne (1789). It was used to be believed at one time that the deepest things in life are those that deal with what were called the eternal varieties of life. Meanwhile, Bingley and Darcy set out towards Longbourn to call on the Bennets. Author of. 1044 Words. Wickham, the son of Darcys estate steward, had not stopped with simply admiring, he had coveted Darcys lofty position all his growing years. Still finer literature reveals the complex interactions between action, individual character and the evolving character of the society in which the action takes place. Through these philosophers contributions to literature, not only did they craft an artistic convergence of words, but exposed logic and ideas as well. He lacks the energy and mental will for the task. Bingley and Darcy have newly arrived in the neighbourhood. She is titled, and even higher than Darcy in the social order. He hopes and fails to do so by marrying Georgiana, but succeeds through another path when he and Darcy marry sisters! We do not question why the story begins where it does. Yet through words literature elevates and transforms experience beyond mere pleasure. Elizabeth last met Darcy at Hunsford when he proposed to her boorishly, she turned him down, and the encounter ended in a heated argument. It is about the Bennets and their neighbours the Lucases in the village of Longbourn. Literature is one of the most interesting and significant expressions of humanity. All these make a usually tractable person who waits for Darcys approval before taking a step actually give Darcy an order. The oratory of the American Indian, for instance, is famous, while in Classical Greece, Polymnia was the muse sacred to poetry and oratory. Later, Wickham carries out something similar with Lydia, the youngest Bennet girl. But then something remarkable occurs. Twenty-five years ago, Mr. Bennet had been a young gentleman with an estate that provided him a comfortable 2000 pounds a year. The supreme law of living makes us equals, and to a greater or lesser degree, we all feel euphoria and depression, sadness and happiness, hope and disappointments. He happens to receive a recommendation about a place in the country at a short distance from London. Mr. Bennet has five unmarried daughters on his hands, the estate is entailed to cousin Collins, neighbour Charlotte Lucas is to become its mistress. She is forced by circumstances to go to Longbourn, to attempt to bully and coerce Elizabeth into giving up Darcy. The future is being studied to determine the present. He does not intend to hurt or offend her, but the jarring words are an echo of the inner clash between his mind and emotions. In the marriage of Mrs. and Mr. Bennet, in the friendship between Darcy and Bingley, in the rise of Collins, the fall of Lady Catherine and the exploits of Wickham, Austen portrays a society that is giving up the old world order and embracing change. Life grants him all these. Numerous poems, songs, sonnets, ballads, and odes were written by famous writers as manifestations of their love and patriotism towards their own country. Life, no matter how disguised as fiction, is the reality they portray in people and events. The charm of her youth and beauty, combined with the indiscretion of his own youth, led to their marriage. A wide range of texts, principally but not exclusively from the English language tradition, is used to illustrate themes. Wickham who tried and failed to become Darcys brother-in-law by eloping with Georgiana ends up as his brother-in-law through Elizabeths marriage to Darcy. If Elizabeth has got the best combination from her parents, the exact opposite seems to have been reserved for the next daughter. Literature is a vital record of what men have seen in life, what they have experienced of it, what they have thought and felt about those aspects of it which have the most immediate and enduring interest for all of us. It is characterized by its artistic, its suggestive, its permanent qualities. Read with this insight, Pride and Prejudice, as all great works of literature, offers us all the knowledge required to promote individual accomplishment and human welfare. Elizabeth reluctantly agrees to go to Pemberley only after she learns that Darcy is not in town. Does life have a sense of humour? They are also an outcome of a marriage between two different classes. Bingley and Janes wedding too bridges a similar but narrower gap. She wants her five daughters to rise further. Such irresponsible behaviour is from the father. But eventually, she responds to her nephew and his wifes reconciliatory invitation, and visits them. Darcy stands alone, while Bingley is clearly adored by the crowd and has a very pleasant and beautiful girl for a dance partner. Work, income, fortune, marriage, valour, ambition, enterprise and talent were different paths that could take one into the highest circles of British society. He needs to cultivate friendship with a man from the highest circles in the land, as Darcy is. If I can but see one of my daughters happily settled at Netherfield and all the others equally well married, I shall have nothing to wish for. Continue to think of some examples of this that you might have come across during your own reading, and start to consider in what ways the author constructed their text strategically to allow for you to engage with these aspects. Austen shows how those who bowed to change, gracefully or otherwise, survive. Literature is the foundation of life. He is dancing with the prettiest girl present, Jane. Long before humans began to know how to read and write with the words that our ancestors created, literature already existed. It is now recognized that the future can shape and determine the present, whether consciously through our values, ideas, dreams and aspirations or subconsciously through our deepest fears and biological conditioning. It must voice their inmost desires, their noblest aspirations. It can teach us about the past, help us understand the present and empower us to create the future. It is pervaded with a deeper knowledge of the character of life itself. Updates? Literature is a form of human expression for the overall human emotions and ideas and thoughts which ranging from poetry to prose to and plays. He is not mercenary. Some great critics sense its importance but struggle to reconcile it with a rational view of life. The 11th edition of Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary considers literature to be writings having excellence of form or expression and expressing ideas of permanent or universal interest. The 19th-century critic Walter Pater referred to the matter of imaginative or artistic literature as a transcript, not of mere fact, but of fact in its infinitely varied forms. But such definitions assume that the reader already knows what literature is. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Literature that is true to life offers intuitive knowledge about human nature, rarely found in textbooks on psychology, history or biography. But any effort to explain how that first carbon compound came to life as a living cell is purely speculative imagination. Not only the views challenging the monarchy, but any view that seemed to question the status quo in society, be it the social structure, law, government policy, or the power of the church was considered treasonous. He would like to rent a large house, until he is ready to buy an estate of his own. But the rivalry with the wife is so intense that it overrides even his goodwill for his daughters. Can literature give us the knowledge to make sense of apparent coincidences? Special Lecturer, University of California, Santa Barbara. It's important not to generalize and stereotype people according to the customs associated with particular groups, but very often, people take pride in their culture since it's often the product of a long line of history. Hence, in modern times, our conception of the depth of literature is not related to this doctrine of eternal truths. The soldier ends up married to Lydia. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Many works of philosophy are classed as literature. Naming phenomena is not knowledge. Does life respond to our deepest thoughts and feelings? What is a Ballad Poem? Her books, as all great literature, offer insights into human psychology. Pride and Prejudice goes beyond a study of the individual and the society. I feel like its a lifeline. Forgetting for a moment Wickhams morals and values, one sees in his attitude the resentment of the lower classes to remain where they are. The stratification of society was in fact based on real differences in cultural attainment. It shows how the constant altercations between Mrs. and Mr. Bennet are more than an expression of the underlying rivalry between the couple. Mr. Bennet is content with watching and being amused, he does not act. 1. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Jane receives all her beauty from her mother. Literature is the expression of life in words of truth and beauty; it is the written record of man's spirit, of his thoughts, emotions, aspirations; it is the history, and the only history, of the human soul. www.bigstockphoto.com. which provides aesthetic pleasure to the readers. ARTICLE | May 28, 2018 | BY All of the worlds classic surveys of history can stand as noble examples of the art of literature, but most historical works and studies today are not written primarily with literary excellence in mind, though they may possess it, as it were, by accident. succeed. In its corrective function, in line with Dubey (2013) stating that literature mirrors society.. Everything that happens within a society can be written, recorded in, and learned from a piece of literature. 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