After the united states entered world war ii. C) almost one third . This led to so-called midnight races, where passenger ships raced to reach the United States as soon as possible at the beginning of each month, when new portions of the quota were opened. A. the Atlantic Charter Following World War I, the United States hoped to avoid further entanglement with European politics that had drawn us into war. D. He issued an order to desegregate the military. Japan had a larger army and more airplanes and submarines than the Americans. C. Isolationists thought aid would help end the Depression; interventionists thought aid would prolong the Depression. C. The _____ was a turning point in the war between the United States and Japan and first demonstrated the success of the island-hopping strategy. B. the refusal of the U.S. to trade any natural resources with Japan. Place the events related to World War II in the correct sequence, following the signing of a mutual defense treaty by Japan and Germany. Otherwise, the recordings are presented as they were originally recorded. A. The population plummeted due to people going to fight overseas. A) less than one quarter Following the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States entered World War II and financed the Allied war effort, and helped defeat Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy in the European theater. Under this international treaty, a refugee was defined as "a person who owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.". A. defectors from the Soviet Union. The International Refugee Organization (IRO), a temporary specialized agency of the newly established United Nations, was created in December 1946 to replace the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) and the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees (IGC), which had originally been created during the Evian Conference in 1938. A. Public anti-immigration sentiment remained strongin May 1938, only 23% of Americans were in favor of the immigration of German refugeesand these congressmen believed that legislation reducing immigration would prevail if the subject came up for debate. preventing Soviet intervention in the region. expand world trade through the reduction of tariffs. C) creating a military tribunal to punish those who participated in the Nazi genocide. Wallace would later become a crucial part of the US Navy, and serve as a Corpsman in the Pacific Theater. Lend-lease was the term popularly given to the US policy of extending material aid to the Allies before and after the United States entered World War II. The origins of the policy may be traced back to the 1938 decision by the US to permit weapons sales to Great Britain and France on a "cash and carry" basis. World War II started on September 1, 1939, with the German invasion of Poland. d.) By June 1948 Truman had pushed for some sort of legislation on behalf of displaced persons for at least eighteen months. The principal belligerents were the Axis powersGermany, Italy, and Japanand the AlliesFrance, Great Britain, the United States, the Soviet Union, and, to a lesser extent, China. B.The United States was convinced to remain neutral. "Dear Mr. President," Nashville, Tennessee, January or February "Dear Mr. President," New York, New York, January or February Letter from Alan Lomax to Wilhelmina Waters, April 3, 1942. What position did Eleanor Roosevelt take up after the war? April 6, 1917 Copyright 2023 Facing History & Ourselves. give each member state an equal say in world affairs. C) chairman of the U.N. Commission on Human Rights To free Australia from Japanese occupation b.) The only significant attempt to pass a law to aid refugees came in 1939, when Democratic Senator Robert Wagner of New York and Republican Congresswoman Edith Rogers of Massachusetts introduced legislation in both houses of Congress that would allow 20,000 German refugee children under the age of 14 into the country over two years outside of the immigration quotas. In December 1920, in the context of this isolationism, the international influenza pandemic, and a postwar economic recession, the US House of Representatives voted to end all immigration to the United States for one year. He believed a joint offensive with the Soviets through Eastern Europe would be far more effective. And what we all have learned is this: There is no such thing as security for any Nationor any individualin a world ruled by the principles of gangsterism. Six million European Jews had been murdered. C. holding off a German offensive by himself after ordering his troops to withdraw. "Because taxes on income were lowered for the middle class, the wealthy, like my family, bore the brunt of funding the war effort. a.) A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. What was the Atlantic Charter? How long did it take for the value of U.S. imports to double after World War II? The executive branch of the U.S. government was given unprecedented authority with D) all of the Allies suffered economically due to the war. ", Choose the statement that describes an economic consequence of the United States as an "arsenal of democracy." U.S. code breakers had intercepted the Japanese plans. Before World War II and the Holocaust, American law made very little distinction between refugees forced to flee their countries due to persecution, and immigrants seeking a better life. Circle each direct object. C. increasingly took on more global responsibilities. D) the signing of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. A. WACs worked in factories that produced weapons for the war effort. They had developed a new technology that was able to jam the Nazi radar. "We were faced with the possibility of deportation even though we were U.S. defend New York City against a nuclear attack. Presumably, the agreement to safeguard the identity of these persons was intentional, as some of the interviewees worked for the Federal government and/or otherwise required anonymity in order to participate. ", United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, The Nazi Persecution of Black People in Germany, The Nazi Olympics Berlin 1936: African American Voices and "Jim Crow" America. National Expansion and Reform, 1815 - 1880, Great Depression and World War II, 1929-1945. A) She refuses to imagine the alternative. The Bataan Death March foreshadowed Why was Hitler happy that the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor? b.) D.Did not destroy all aircraft carriers/ did not declare war first. Many Americans felt he was simply trying to postpone the inevitable war in Europe. Which argument sums up the difference between isolationists and interventionists regarding aid to the Allies? A) the war in Europe was over. The United States signed the United Nations Refugee Protocol on November 6, 1968. After the United States intervened militarily in Vietnam in the mid-1960s, however, this political consensus began to break down. C. It gave Germany new territory as the Soviets tried to appease Hitler. D) World War II and the Korean Conflict, "The Organization is based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all its Members." a.) D. "Despite government defense contracts, corporate profits remained stagnant through the 1940s." Why were Hiroshima and Nagasaki chosen as the targets for nuclear attacks? A major factor that led to US involvement in World War II was the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. D. less expansion, What were Japan's two mistakes in Pearl Harbor? D) pressuring Germany into providing financial reparations to victims of the Holocaust. Millions of men and women entered military service and saw parts of the world they would likely never have seen otherwise. Japanese attack Pearl Harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, a territory of the US. D. In his address to the Reichstag, Hitler said: If it is the will of Providence that the German people not be spared this struggle, then I will be grateful to Providence for having appointed me leader in a historic contest, which for the next five hundred or one thousand years, will decisively affect not only German history but also the history of Europe, and indeed all of mankind. . The entry of the United States into World War II caused vast changes in virtually every aspect of American life. A. work on the development of an atomic bomb. d.) B. To convince islanders to support the United States against Japan B) the end of World War II. The Second World War began in 1939 and lasted through to 1945. A. On April 30, 1945, Adolf Hitler Truman, disappointed by the limited reach of the act, said that he would have vetoed it had Congress been in session, but signed the act so there would be some legislation to aid displaced persons, rather than none. The Convention does not specify how signatories determine or assign refugee status. Many of the scientists who developed the first atomic bomb as part of the Manhattan Project were In 1951, the United Nations adopted the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, which has been signed by 145 nations. created the Office of Price Administration. supporting the United States in the war against Japan C. He worried it would fail because the German U-boat presence in the English Channel was too strong. C. Did not destroy all airfare D) more than 20 years. The result is a portrait of everyday life in America as the United States entered World War II. The so-called Zoot Suit Riots in Los Angeles in 1943 were a result of B) the establishment of the U.N. Security Council. In the following sentences, underline the gerund. B) the creation of a five-member Security Council. ", c.) Planning for the post-World War II world began before the United States even entered the conflict. Choose the statement that describes a cause of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. "Despite wartime mobilization, we continued to feel the negative effects of the Great Depression. After the United States entered World War II, immigrants from which of the following countries became eligible for U.S. citizenship? a.) B. With men off to fight a worldwide war across the Atlantic and the Pacific, women were called to take their place on the production line. He wanted to keep the other Allies busy so he could divide Eastern Europe as he saw fit. Throughout the 1930s, most Americans opposed changing or adjusting the Johnson-Reed Act, fearing that immigrants, including those fleeing persecution, would compete for scarce jobs and burden public services in the midst of the Great Depression. Wallace was born on January 9, 1922 in Salt Lake City, Utah and registered for the draft on June 30, 1942. "Most defense contracts went to small businesses like the one I own." I believe the admission of these persons will add to the strength and energy of the nation. Still, Congress delayed action. Nazi Germany declared war on the United States on December 11, 1941. The act allowed approximately 190,000 refugees, escapees, and expellees to arrive in the United States before the legislation expired in 1956. A. They had significant military value that helped to keep Japan in the war. US consulates in Nazi-occupied territory shut down in July 1941. "The government issued a defense contract with our company, but we were not guaranteed a profit." Japan targeted civilian populations when they dropped bombs on the Allied Powers. The Nazi forces were able to buy time for more reinforcements to arrive. B. refugees who had fled from Nazi-occupied Europe. "We were forced by the government to move from California because they feared we might be capable of sabotage or espionage." D) They felt it more prudent to use diplomatic means to shut down the camps. D. universal education. D. During the course of these interviews, Library interviewers advised some interviewees that the interviews would not be broadcast. Although the IRO constitution was drawn up in December 1946, the organization did not begin work until 1948, when the nations paying the majority of the IROs expenses had ratified the constitution. c.) What was the Double Victory? After Germanys annexation of Austria and with the advice of the State Department, a group of Jewish congressmen met and decided not to introduce any new legislation to expand immigration to aid Jewish refugees. went through a period of economic instability. "When the Japanese attacked, most factories were already set up to produce for the war effort." 1942: Feb. 19. D. They underestimated Japan's ability to project military force in the Pacific. A. In 1950, Congress amended the Displaced Persons Act, an amendment Truman signed with very great pleasure. The Act authorized a total of 400,744 visas for displaced persons (of which 172,230 had been issued in the previous two years) and removed the geographical and chronological limits which had discriminated against Jewish DPs. D. the Maginot Line. Included in this presentation are Pete Seeger's "Dear Mr. President" and "The Martins and Coys.". "The government should have adopted deficit spending during the war to boost the economy instead of focusing on keeping a balanced budget." C. "The U.S. manufacturing sector produced less than the Axis powers did." They sought peace through isolation and throughout the 1920s advocated a policy of disarmament and nonintervention. This online presentation also includes a set of interviews conducted in the Washington, D.C., metropolitan area. A. Japanese attacks on U.S. ships trading with China. "We found financial self-reliance, which was new for us, after we went to work in the defense industry." In the final phases of World War II in Europe, B. drastically cut back its defense industries. Developed specifically for educators in Jewish settings, these lessons lead middle and high school students through an examination of the Holocaust from a historical perspective and consider what this particular history has to do with what it means to be Jewish. B. The United States entered World War II after the Japanese attack on _____. Choose the statement that best reflects the experience of women as a social group after the United States entered World War II. Between 1933 and 1941, for example, roughly 118,000 German quota slots that could have been used went unfilled. Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia. a.) The new Protocol expanded the responsibilities to all refugees from any part of the world and at any time, but still allowed nations to define for themselves how they would assess refugee status. Through the government's bracero program, B) instituted the systematic extermination of German Jews. classified them as enemy combatants. the Central Intelligence Agency. c.) D. . One appeal of totalitarianism was the promise of: Which policy best demonstrates appeasement during the 1930s? In particular, World War II led many women to take jobs in defense plants and factories around the country. B. The only editing redacted interviewee names from several recordings and removed Leadbelly's two songs for which permissions have not yet been received. A. The United States did not sign the 1951 Refugee Convention. D. Sicily and the fall of Mussolini, July-August 1943. B. a.) After the United States entered World War II, A. the federal government seized control of factories in order to increase war production. A combination of presidential directives and congressional legislation aided other specific groups of refugees. Question 9. B. B) the course of the war turned in favor of the Axis Powers. D. was assassinated by a group of his own generals. Prevention of Soviet expansion in Asia C. The safety of Japanese Americans was threatened because most of the Japanese American community lived in war zones. B. a joint U.S.-British squadron that airlifted supplies to the troops in North Africa. Civil rights march on Wash[ington], D.C. / [WKL]. cooperating in trials to bring former Nazis to justice d.) A) segregated Jews at every level of German society. D.It showed Roosevelt could be flexible when negotiating with the Soviet Union. When did the United States enter World War I? Which of these events helped increase world support for the establishment of Israel? d.) This was the first time refugees gained distinct legal status under international law. d.) State Department officials could advise a potential immigrant on the probability that he/she would be allowed to enter due to health or economic status, but entry decisions were made upon disembarking in the United States. The experience of World War I had a . promote the spread of democracy all over the world. They feature a wide diversity of opinion concerning the war and other social and political issues of the day, such as racial prejudice and labor disputes. B. the Tripartite Pact Under Article 33, known as the non-refoulement provision, refugees cannot be returned against their will to a place in which they would be endangered. It would force the Axis to retreat from Stalingrad and give the Soviets a chance to regroup. C. generate support for the war effort and boost morale through the media. D. General Marshall was too valuable to remove from his position as Army Chief of Staff. It would require fewer resources and pave the way for an Allied invasion of Italy. . Other countries fared worse: Poland, with a prewar Jewish population of 3.5 million, had a quota of 6,524, and Romania, with a Jewish population of nearly a million, had a quota of 377. strategically bombing Germany's major industrial centers. What factors after 1939 led to US involvement in World War II? Small but significant named World War II US Navy Corpsman grouping named to Wallace H. Fritsch, who served on Peleliu during World War II. Flushed with their success against Germany and Japan in 1945, most Americans initially viewed their place in the postwar world with optimism and confidence. The Act, which authorized 200,000 displaced persons to enter the United States, "mortgaged" the still-extant . After a day the incident, on 8th September 1941, United States President Franklin Delano Roosevelt declared war on Japan and made its first entry into WW2. How was the federal government able to borrow money from U.S. citizens? General Bradley had less experience in launching amphibious attacks. Japan had also developed the atomic bomb On December 7, 1941 Japanese forces attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, inflicting heavy casualties and severe damage to the United States naval forces anchored there. Fears of infiltration and espionage led to additional restrictions on visa applicants. D) the division of Germany into communist and non-communist sectors. D. Invite students to reflect on why it matters who tells our stories as they view a documentary film about the profound courage and resistance of the Oyneg Shabes in the Warsaw ghetto. The Pearl Harbor attack The Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor began just before 8 a.m. local time Sunday morning, December 7, 1941. B. The United States declares war against Japan. Today, it has become far more than a parallel. Both collections are included in this presentation. Which of the following is a reason that the United States initially stayed out of World War II? There were several well-publicized cases of Japanese American spies being caught operating in the United States. After the United States entered World War II Congress acted to provide for the expedited naturalization of noncitizens serving honorably in the U.S. Armed Forces. What was the importance of the Lend-Lease Act? This online presentation includes one essay: "Making and Maintaining the Original Recordings." "Over 90% of us were relocated against our will to assembly centers during the war." D. Japan feeling threatened by the U.S. presence in Asia and the Pacific. The Second War Powers Act of 1942 (56 Stat. B) more than one half Soldiers began to come home and find peacetime jobs. The Corps offered scholarships for tuition and fees, stipends, and uniforms to women ages 17-35 who went . b.) C) the independence of former British colonies in the Middle East The Johnson-Reed Act also mandated that potential immigrants present their paperwork and receive US immigration visas at consulates abroad, prior to leaving for the United States. According to Roosevelt, what principles was the United States fighting for? They mobilized all their armored divisions in Italy for a supposed invasion there. c.) A. What were the reasons behind the U.S. assault on the island of Guadalcanal? B) membership of the U.N. Security Council was determined. The sketch shown above is of "The Unconquered People," and describes the European resistance to Adolph Hitler and Germany on the part of . a.) c.) It could no longer defend the mainland. In these past few yearsand, most violently, in the past three dayswe have learned a terrible lesson. "The group that benefited most, economically, from wartime production was U.S soldiers." "I was outraged when the government nationalized my business and forced us to produce war material." Which U.S. government agency was formed as a response to the news that the Soviet Union had detonated a nuclear device? D. demonstrate their support for Germany and Italy. The United States, a signatory along with54 other nations, supplied 40% of the IROs administrative expenses and 46% of its operational expenses, and the IROs Director-General was always an American citizen. C) transform "undesirables" into productive members of society. B. b.) d.) Before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, however, Americans were seriously divided over what the role of the United States in the war should be, or if it should even have a role at all. On December 8, Joseph Goebbels described Adolf Hitler as exceptionally happy when he learned the news. Claudia Bautista, Santa Monica, Calif. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the president of the United States for the majority of this time, from 1933 to 1945. On December 8, 1941 (the day after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor), Alan Lomax, then "assistant in charge" of the Archive of American Folk Song (now the American Folklife Center archive), sent a telegram to fieldworkers in ten different localities across the United States, asking them to collect "man-on-the-street" reactions of ordinary Americans to the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the subsequent declaration of war by the United States. D) victory over the Axis Powers abroad and discrimination at home. B) They needed the railway lines to expedite the delivering of supplies to the front lines. For each word at the left, complete the four derivatives indicated. "My factory converted its production lines to produce bombers, and we hired more workers. A) The United States did not want to worsen diplomatic relations with the Nazis. C. C) They felt it would divert too many resources away from their military operations elsewhere. What major advantage did the United States possess over the Soviet Union following the war? Dec. 11. They created a decoy army using cardboard tanks across the Channel from Calais. In 1940, Japan signed the Tripartite Pact with Germany and Italy, creating World War IIs Axis powers. Battle of the Atlantic: September 3, 1939 to May 8, 1945. What is the World War II? 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