Must be specifically designed for the type of scaffold with which they are used. WebScaffold design. 22.A.03 Prior to commencing any activity that requires work in elevated areas, all provisions for access and fall protection shall be delineated in the Site-Specific Fall Vertically - every 20 feet (6.1 m) or less for scaffolds less than 3 feet (0.91 m) wide; every 26 feet (7.9 m) or less for scaffolds more than 3 feet (0.91 m) wide. And, platforms on supported scaffolds should be placed securely on an appropriate firm base foundation thats level and sound. What are some of the requirements for manually operated suspension scaffold hoists? When horizontal lifelines are used, they shall be secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold, or they may be looped around both suspension and independent suspension lines (on scaffolds so equipped) above the hoist and brake attached to the end of the scaffold. The clearance between scaffolds and power lines shall be as follows: Scaffolds shall not be erected, used, dismantled, altered, or moved such that they or any conductive material handled on them might come closer to exposed and energized power lines than as follows: Exception to paragraph (f)(6): Scaffolds and materials may be closer to power lines than specified above where such clearance is necessary for performance of work, and only after the utility company, or electrical system operator, has been notified of the need to work closer and the utility company, or electrical system operator, has deenergized the lines, relocated the lines, or installed protective coverings to prevent accidental contact with the lines. When can personal fall-arrest systems be used when working on scaffolding and aerial lifts? Any ladders or stairways required to reach them must be placed so that the scaffold does not become unstable. e) Modified requirements for guardrails. Must have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. When wire rope clips are used on suspension scaffolds: There shall be a minimum of 3 wire rope clips installed, with the clips a minimum of 6 rope diameters apart; Clips shall be installed according to the manufacturer's recommendations; Clips shall be retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations after the initial loading; Clips shall be inspected and retightened to the manufacturer's recommendations at the start of each workshift thereafter; U-bolt clips shall not be used at the point of suspension for any scaffold hoist; When U-bolt clips are used, the U-bolt shall be placed over the dead end of the rope, and the saddle shall be placed over the live end of the rope. Must have a rung length of at least 8 inches. Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above a lower level shall be protected from falling to that lower level. Handrails, and toprails that serve as handrails, shall provide an adequate handhold for employees grasping them to avoid falling. Ramps and walkways 6 feet (1.8 m) or more above lower levels shall have guardrail systems which comply with subpart M of this part -- Fall Protection; No ramp or walkway shall be inclined more than a slope of one (1) vertical to three (3) horizontal (20 degrees above the horizontal). Flowable material, such as sand or water, cannot be used. Must have a slope of no more than 1 vertical to 3 horizontal degrees (20 degrees above the horizontal). A stairrail consisting of a toprail and a midrail shall be provided on each side of each scaffold stairway. Platforms shall not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. Must have a minimum rung length of 11 inches, and a maximum space between rungs of 16 inches. Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(2)(i) and (b)(2)(ii) of this section, each scaffold platform and walkway shall be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide. Note to paragraph (b)(2)(i): Pursuant to an administrative stay effective November 29, 1996 and published in the Federal Register on November 25, 1996, the requirement in paragraph (b)(2)(i) that roof bracket scaffolds be at least 12 inches wide is stayed until November 25, 1997 or until rulemaking reguarding the minimum width of roof bracket scaffolds has been completed, whichever is later. In these situations, only the planking that the employer establishes is necessary to provide safe working conditions is required. Heat damage caused by a torch or any damage caused by contact with electrical wires. The manufacturer must approve any alterations to the stilts. The platform must not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. [, Employers must ensure that all employees are trained to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)], Shore and lean-to scaffolds are strictly prohibited. Where scaffolds must be used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that platforms and walkways cannot be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, such platforms and walkways shall be as wide as feasible, and employees on those platforms and walkways shall be protected from fall hazards by the use of guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems. The following equipment is often required for scaffolding fall protection: Full-Body Harness This is a support device consisting of connected straps that are designed to distribute the force from a fall. When the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures, the employer shall place such potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they could fall and shall secure those materials as necessary to prevent their falling. When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist, or similar surface shall be used. Wind screens shall not be used unless the scaffold is secured against the anticipated wind forces imposed. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(ix) and 29 CFR 1926.451(d)(5)], A single tieback must be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure. What are the capacity requirements for all scaffolds? Mobile Some [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(16)], Manually operated hoists used to raise or lower a suspended scaffold must be tested an listed by a qualified testing laboratory. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(13)], These hoists require a positive crank force to descend. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(ii) and 29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(iii)], Outrigger beams (thrustouts) are the structural members of a suspension or outrigger scaffolds that provide support. Fall arrest systems should protect these employees. To ensure stability for fall protection, scaffolds can be supported by: legs, Must be uniformly spaced within each frame section. Here are the scaffold guardrail Canopies, when used for falling object protection, shall comply with the following criteria: Canopies shall be installed between the falling object hazard and the employees. A safe point of access should be present during erection and dismantling operations. Use your safety belts and lanyards when working on scaffolding at a height of 10 feet or more above ground level. The suspension ropes must be long enough to allow the scaffold to be lowered to the level below without the rope passing through the hoist, or the end of the rope configured to prevent the end from passing through the hoist. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(1)] Load carrying timber members should be a minimum of 1,500 lb-f/in2 construction grade lumber. Webf. Construction materials such as, but not limited to, masonry units and rolls of roofing felt, shall not be used as counterweights. WebInspects scaffold and attaches at the access point(s) the appropriate tag: Red: DO NOT USE, SCAFFOLD IS BEING ERECTED OR DISMANTLED Yellow: SCAFFOLD DOES NOT MEET OSHA REQUIREMENTS. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(ii)], Counterweights must be secured by mechanical means to the outrigger beams. What are the fall protection requirements for all scaffolds? The standard prohibits using repaired wire. Steps and rungs of ladders and stairways must line up vertically with each other between rest platforms. Tiebacks shall be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. Two-point and multi-point suspension scaffolds shall be tied or otherwise secured to prevent them from swaying, as determined to be necessary based on an evaluation by a competent person. WebModular scaffolding consists of a few fixed points that can accommodate bearers, diagonals, standards, and runners. This provision does not preclude the use of systems which are designed to function both as suspension scaffolds and emergency systems. Tiebacks shall be equivalent in strength to the hoisting rope. Outrigger beams shall be placed perpendicular to its bearing support (usually the face of the building or structure). The inboard ends of suspension scaffold outrigger beams shall be stabilized by bolts or other direct connections to the floor or roof deck, or they shall have their inboard ends stabilized by counterweights, except masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffold outrigger beams shall not be stabilized by counterweights. In addition to wearing hardhats each employee on a scaffold shall be provided with additional protection from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects through the installation of toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems, or through the erection of debris nets, catch platforms, or canopy structures that contain or deflect the falling objects. When winding drum hoists are used on a suspension scaffold, they shall contain not less than four wraps of the suspension rope at the lowest point of scaffold travel. Each scaffold and scaffold component must support without failure its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. WebA pole scaffold, tube and coupler scaffold, system scaffold, or fabricated frame scaffold erected over substantially the entire work area. This section highlights OSHA standards and documents related However, OSHA permits direct access from another scaffold, structure, or personnel hoist. A personal fall-arrest system is a system used to arrest an employee in a fall from a working level. Must have uniform riser height, within inch, for each flight of stairs, except for the top and bottom steps of the. In addition, employees must wear hard hats. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result Climbing the structural cross-braces of a scaffold is unsafe, and specifically forbidden by federal standards. Stairrails shall be not less than 28 inches (71 cm) nor more than 37 inches (94 cm) from the upper surface of the stairrail to the surface of the tread, in line with the face of the riser at the forward edge of the tread. Handrails, and top-rails used as handrails, must be at least 3 inches from other objects. WebEach scaffold and scaffold component must support without failure its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. [, A competent person must evaluate all direct connections prior to use to confirm that the supporting surfaces are able to support the imposed load. The portion of the tail line that hangs free below the scaffold shall be guided or retained, or both, so that it does not become grounded; Each hoist shall be covered with insulated protective covers; In addition to a work lead attachment required by the welding process, a grounding conductor shall be connected from the scaffold to the structure. Tiebacks shall be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure, or opposing angle tiebacks shall be installed. Tread depth shall be uniform, within 1/4 inch, for each flight of stairs. Each stairway must be at least 18 inches between stair rails. Give Us a Call. [29 CFR 1926.502(d)] The use of a body belt in a tethering system or in a restraint system is acceptable and is regulated under 29 CFR 1926.502(e). WebAccess: Scaffolds must have an acceptable form of access (e.g., ladders, stair towers, ramps, or walkways) if the platform is more than 2 feet above or below and/or 14 inches to the right or left of the point of access. Platforms on supported scaffolds must be braced to prevent displacement and swaying. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(iii)], Counterweights used for suspended scaffolds must be made of materials that can not be easily dislocated. A suspension scaffold contains one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid means from an overhead structure, 29 CFR 1926.450(b), such as the following scaffolds: single-point, multi-point, multi-level, two-point, adjustable, boatswain's chair, catenary, chimney hoist, continuous run, elevator false car, go-devils, interior hung, masons', and stone setters'. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)(vii)], Use fall-arrest systems when working from the following types of scaffolding: boatswain's chair, catenary, float, needle beam, ladder, and pump jack. The ladder frames lock into each other and then are attached to the scaffolding frames via the ladder brackets. A landing platform at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) wide by at least 18 inches (45.7 cm) long shall be provided at each level. The top-rail of each stair-rail must also be capable of serving as a handrail, unless a separate handrail is provided. Manila or plastic (or other synthetic) rope being used for toprails or midrails shall be inspected by a competent person as frequently as necessary to ensure that it continues to meet the strength requirements of paragraph (g) of this section. Non-uniform rung spacing caused by joining end frames together is allowed, provided the resulting spacing does not exceed 16 3/4 inches (43 cm). [29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A(1)(b) & (c)]. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)], Gears and brakes must be enclosed. Focus on Scaffolding The primary criteria used by the FSC to assess scaffolding work on site are contained within: WH 12 HIRAC FP 4 Management of Subcontractor WHS FP 6 Training arrangements H1 Working at heights WebRequirements for Scaffolding Tower Use of Safety Harness Safe place and Safe person strategy You can read regulation of Trakhees, in detail. Scaffold planking must be able to support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the intended load. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)]Solid sawn wood, fabricated planks, and fabricated platforms may be used as scaffold planks following the recommendations by the manufacturer or a lumber grading association or inspection agency. [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. May forklifts, front-end loaders, or similar equipment support platforms? Fall protection includes guardrail systems and personal fall arrest systems. Guardrail systems are explained below in another question. Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, and equivalent structural members of a guardrail system shall be capable of withstanding, without failure, a force applied in any downward or horizontal direction at any point along the midrail or other member of at least 75 pounds (333 n) for guardrail systems with a minimum 100 pound toprail capacity, and at least 150 pounds (666 n) for guardrail systems with a minimum 200 pound toprail capacity. Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have uniformly spaced rungs with a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches. Also see, OSHA Standards Interpretation and Compliance Letter: 09/30/1999 - Forklifts in construction: Elevating personnel and operator training. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(7)], Drum hoists must contain no less than four wraps of the rope at the lowest point. Personal fall-arrest systems include harnesses, components of the harness/belt such as D-rings, and snap hooks, lifelines, and anchorage points. Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders (Additional requirements for the proper construction and use of portable ladders are contained in subpart X of this part -- Stairways and Ladders): Portable, hook-on, and attachable ladders shall be positioned so as not to tip the scaffold; Hook-on and attachable ladders shall be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches (61 cm) above the scaffold supporting level; When hook-on and attachable ladders are used on a supported scaffold more than 35 feet (10.7 m) high, they shall have rest platforms at 35-foot (10.7 m) maximum vertical intervals. When other types of hoists are used, the suspension ropes shall be long enough to allow the scaffold to be lowered to the level below without the rope end passing through the hoist, or the rope end shall be configured or provided with means to prevent the end from passing through the hoist. Each ladder jack scaffold, top plate bracket scaffold, roof bracket scaffold, and pump jack scaffold shall be at least 12 inches (30 cm) wide. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(iv)]. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)], Solid sawn wood, fabricated planks, and fabricated platforms may be used as scaffold planks following the recommendations by the manufacturer or a lumber grading association or inspection agency. When canopies are used on suspension scaffolds for falling object protection, the scaffold shall be equipped with additional independent support lines equal in number to the number of points supported, and equivalent in strength to the strength of the suspension ropes. Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills or other adequate firm foundation. Excess suspension wire rope and any additional independent lines from grounding shall be insulated; The suspension wire rope shall be covered with insulating material extending at least 4 feet (1.2 m) above the hoist. each suspension rope and any other independent lines are insulated from grounding. The space must not exceed 9 inches (24.1 cm) when side brackets or odd-shaped structures result in a wider opening between the platform and the uprights. [, When scaffold platforms are more than 24 inches (61 cm) above or below a point of access, ladders, ramps, walkways, or similar surfaces must be used. Have a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches (43 cm). Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold and striking employees below, the following provisions apply: The area below the scaffold to which objects can fall shall be barricaded, and employees shall not be permitted to enter the hazard area; or. NOTE: As of January 1, 1998, subpart M of this part provides that body belts are not acceptable as part of a personal fall arrest system. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)], Employers must replace wire rope when the following conditions exist: kinks; six randomly broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one lay; one third of the original diameter of the outside wires is lost; heat damage; evidence that the secondary brake has engaged the rope; and any other physical damage that impairs the function and strength of the rope. First, it's important to note that there are two strength requirements: 5,000 pounds per employee or maintaining a 2-to-1 safety factor. This section does not apply to aerial lifts, the criteria for which are set out exclusively in 1926.453. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(viii)], Tiebacks must be secured to a structurally sound anchorage on the building or structure. The use of repaired wire rope as suspension rope is prohibited. A toeboard shall be erected along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet (3.1 m) above lower levels for a distance sufficient to protect employees below, except on float (ship) scaffolds where an edging of 3/4 x 1 1/2 inch (2 x 4 cm) wood or equivalent may be used in lieu of toeboards; Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the top edge of the toeboard, paneling or screening extending from the toeboard or platform to the top of the guardrail shall be erected for a distance sufficient to protect employees below; or, A guardrail system shall be installed with openings small enough to prevent passage of potential falling objects; or. Wind screens shall not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded approve any to..., platforms on supported scaffolds must be braced to prevent displacement and swaying ( d ) ( 13 ]! Support, without failure, its own weight and at least 18 inches between stair rails,. 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