These maps and graphs were developed from the CRU TS 3.21 dataset produced by the Climatic Research Unit at the University of East Anglia, UK. GWP (Global Water Partnership). The river jack snake has a gigantic horn-like scale on the tip of its nose. These are overlain by a series of Plio-Quaternary marine sands and estuarine clays and silts. Currently, the process of collection, washing, and drying of these products results in low-quality products that are unfortunately sold at very low prices. Long, black tongue can grow to 18 inches long! In Bouba Njida, we saw an amazing diversity of wildlife with impressive densities of some species in parts of the park. Water Supply and Sanitation in Cameroon. ), Mt. The access rate to fresh water is still low and far from the millenniums goal target (43,9%); the rate of water sanitation and hygiene is worse (36%). Challenges Expanding development is threatening already vulnerable areas. Above the rainforest zone are drier woodlands, tall grasslands, or patches of mountain bamboo. Groundwater in the deeper Cretaceous sandstone aquifer is dominated by K/Na-HCO3 types, and typically of good quality. They typically form small, local aquifers, limited to areas where the rock has been fractured and weathered to increase its permeability. Challenges Expanding development is threatening already vulnerable areas. The international norms or conventions that Cameroon has ratified. This emphasizes the importance of the LRFs strategy of supporting lion conservation across a wide array of landscapes, so we can protect the widest cross-section of biodiversity as possible. Black mambas are the longest venomous snake in Africa, and second longest in the world. -be sure to click on other links across top! Further water and related statistics can be accessed at the Aquastat Main Database. The Lake Chad Basin Aquifer System: a case study for the research project 'Transboundary groundwater management in Africa'. Yevalla, G-M S, Blaise B B, Emmanuel M, Seth R E, Beka T and Tabod T C. 2020. Pixabay, 04 Feb. 2019,https://www.pexels.com/photo/landscape-nature-sunset-clouds-40756/. Map developed from USGS GTOPOPO30; GADM global administrative areas; and UN Revision of World Urbanization Prospects. The Lake Chad basin aquifer contains three main aquifer units: a upper Quaternary-Lower Pliocene series; the Tertiary Continental Terminal; and the lower Cretaceous series of the Hamadien Continental and the Continental Intercalaire (GWP 2013). Estimates are that Bouba Njida has around 80 lions, and the most recent published estimates suggest a national population of around 270 individuals. Cameroon is rich in national parks and wildlife reserves, including the Waza National Park in the north (which contains both forest and savanna animals), the Dja Faunal Reserve (a UNESCO World Heritage site), and the Campo Maan National Park in the southwest (which has elephants, hippos, leopards, and plenty of primates). Average precipitation (196190 from IPCC (mm/year). WebOil resources are abundant in Cameroon, making its GDP one of the highest in sub-Saharan Africa aluminum, raw and roasted cocoa beans, raw cotton, and gold are some of its other major exported goods. WebCameroon: rainforest The hot and humid south supports dense rainforests in which hardwood evergreen treesincluding mahogany, ebony, obeche, dibetu, and sapellimay grow more than 200 feet (60 metres) tall. Africa Groundwater Atlas >> Hydrogeology by country, Cameroon. These forests provide a source of livelihoods for communities and habitat for over 9,000 plant species, about 900 bird species, and roughly 320 mammals including the critically endangered western lowland gorilla and the endangered chimpanzee. Average precipitation (196190 from IPCC (mm/year). 2009; Sigha-Nkamdjou et al. Manufacturing industry accounted for some 30% of GDP in 2009. The largest populations are believed to occur in the Faro and Bouba Njida ecosystems. In this ministry there are two departments in charge of water: one for management and the other for the mobilization of water resources. Borehole yields are usually 1 to 3 m/hour, in the region of the Mandara mountains, but can rarely reach 30 m/hour in places in the Kribi region, associated with large faults (UN 1988). Our solutions to protecting Cameroon's unique biodiversity: African Wildlife Foundation, with support from the European Union, is working in Faro National Park, Dja Faunal Reserve, and Campo Maan, to improve park management and to bolster anti-poaching efforts by training and equipping rangers, expanding areas under patrol, and providing support for the effective enforcement of wildlife crime. The local presence of evaporites in the Mamf basin leads to groundwaters of sodium-chloride composition (Mafany and Fantong 2006). Its 22 million hectares of tropical forests are a vital part of the Congo Basin forest ecosystem. components (by climate region), Table 4.2: Selected large aquifer systems with non-renewables groundwater Groundwater Need Assessment - Lake Chad Basin. For more information on the datasets used to develop the map see the, Soil Map of Cameroon, from the European Commission Joint Research Centre: European Soil Portal. People's Rep. Korea, Rep. Kuwait KyrgyzstanLao Peoples Dem. Aside from the ocular scales covering each of its eyes, the scaleless ball python's body is completely smooth. WebCameroon, with high rainfall throughout much of the country and much of the year, and a dense network of perennial rivers, has abundant surface water resources. Bundesanstalt fr Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe (BGR). Stripe patterns are unique to each individual! The jacana has the ability to swim underwater, Some can jump 50 times the length of their bodies. The northern protected areas, including national parks such as Faro, Benoue, Bouba Njida, and Waza and the surrounding hunting blocks, are the areas where the countrys remaining lion population persists. the FAO-AQUASTAT Database, for some countries large discrepancies exist The two aquifers are separated by mudstones of the Nkappa formation. 2. The firefly produces some of the most efficient light in the world, Adult fleas can jump up to 7 inches in the air. The coast is hot and very wet, with only a short dry season. Because of their unique venom delivery system, stiletto snakes are almost impossible to hold safely in the usual way (with fingers behind the head) without being bitten. Oil resources are abundant in Cameroon, making its GDP one of the highest in sub-Saharan Africa aluminum, raw and roasted cocoa beans, raw cotton, and gold are some of its other major exported goods. Lake Chad Basin Aquifer - Cretaceous to Quaternary. WebBreakdown of Total Actual Renewable Water Resources Surface water: 94 % Ground water: 35 % Overlap is water shared by both the surface water and groundwater systems: 33 % Incoming Waters: 4 % Outgoing Waters 2: 14 % Total Use of Total Actual Renewable Water Resources: 0.30 % 1. The electric catfish can discharge an electric shock up to 450 volts. There are around 4,000 known species worldwide. Many elderly people prefer the taste of the spring water to that of stand taps. They are described in the relevant sections below. The Dja and Kad drain southeastward into the Congo River. This mornings top sighting, Lion Pride in the Umfolozi (video) Inhabits freshwater habitats around the world! Horseflies have been seen performing Immelmann turns, much like fighter jets. This mornings top sighting, Lion Pride in the Umfolozi (video) Mangroves grow along the coasts and at the mouths of rivers. Cameroon has a dense network of perennial rivers. Igiene e sanita pubblica, 71(1), 21-37. They feign death by making their bodies limp and closing their eyes. Other ministries and specialized institutions are involved in the water sector. Cameroon is rich in national parks and wildlife reserves, including the Waza National Park in the north (which contains both forest and savanna animals), the Dja Faunal Reserve (a UNESCO World Heritage site), and the Campo Maan National Park in the southwest (which has elephants, hippos, leopards, and plenty of primates). Effect of diffuse recharge and wastewater on groundwater contamination in Douala, Cameroon. One of the most invasive species in the world. There are more than 3,000 different species! Have large rounded ears to help keep them cool! Have changed little in 200 million years! Volcanic massifs from the Adamaoua to the Atlantic. Climate, Hydrology and Water Resources in Cameroon. Lions are stalk-and-ambush hunters that use vegetative cover for concealment during hunting and are known to ambush prey in habitats surrounding high-prey abundance areas . Small sedimentary basins - including Hama Kossou, Babouri-Figuil, Sorawel, Mayo Oulo and Mamf - Cretaceous. British Cameroons (191661) and French Cameroun (191660), Which Country Is Larger By Population? And though we didnt see them, it was apparent that lions remain in reasonable numbers. We use cookies to analyse how visitors use our website and to help us provide the best possible experience for users. Males oribis spend most of their time patrolling the borders of their territories; they can do this about 16 times an hour! Bibliographic reference: Upton K, Dochartaigh B and Bellwood-Howard I. Cameroon has often been called Africa in miniature for how much it mirrors the continents diversity. They steal large ostrich eggs and use rocks and pebbles to crack the shells. Ribbon snakes love water, but are excellent climbers too. There are more than 300 different species! Groundwater from volcanic aquifers is widely used by the bottled water industry. The distance between 215 lion kills and the nearest water source was analyzed using generalized linear models. Since 2009, Cameroon has elaborated a policy called Vision 2035 whose aim is to transform the country into an emerging one by 2035. The Lion Recovery Fund will look for ways to engage and provide support for conservation efforts in Cameroon to complement the existing grants we have in other Central and West African countries, such as Benin, Central African Republic, Chad, First domesticated by the Ancient Egyptians! The rules and regulations governing fresh water and sanitation in Cameroon come from two main sources: Within this general framework, a lot of laws, rules and regulations cocerning the water sector exist in Cameroon (for detailed information see the booklet developed during the "IWM for Upper Mefou Sub-catchment"-workshop. Livestock agriculture and fishing are also important, and the commercial bushmeat trade is large enough to threaten wildlife. WebLocated along the coast of West Africa, Cameroon is a mid-sized country, about 70% as large as Texas, with a complex ecosystem of savannas, tropical forests, coastal mangroves, deserts, and mountainous terrain, the highest point of which is Mount Cameroon. The lesser jacana is nomadic, often moving in search of temporary wetland habitats. They prey on spiders to feed their larvae or they parasitize other spider wasps. The cross river gorilla is a subspecies of the western gorilla that is limited to the dense jungles and foothills along the boundary of Cameroon and Nigeria. Financial and technical shortfalls make parks extremely vulnerable to poachers and habitat destruction. Conservationists have expressed concern over the possible extinction of the species as their number is estimated at less than 300 individuals. A subspecies of the black rhino once roamed West Africa, but it is now completely extinct. We currently track 271 animals in Cameroon and are adding more every day! Groundwater in North and West Africa: Cameroon. The yellow belly gene is co-dominant and doesn't completely override other genes. The hot and humid south supports dense rainforests in which hardwood evergreen treesincluding mahogany, ebony, obeche, dibetu, and sapellimay grow more than 200 feet (60 metres) tall. The cross river gorilla is a subspecies of the western gorilla that is limited to the dense jungles and foothills along the boundary of Cameroon and Nigeria. Some - eg Mamf - contain evaporites. Tsetse flies are large biting flies that live in the tropical regions of Africa. Please see the Terms of use for more information. WebWater Resources in Cameroon. Communities are key to sustainable conservation efforts. Cameroon, with high rainfall throughout much of the country and much of the year, and a dense network of perennial rivers, has abundant surface water resources. German Development Institute. WebCameroon Water Partnership Partnerships for Africas Water Development Partnerships for Africas Water Development Planning for Integrated Water Resources Management and Development in Cameroon January 2010 Financial support: Kingdom of the Netherlands GWP Cameroon C/O IUCN Cameroon PO Box 5506 Yaounde Cameroon As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. The Lion Recovery Fund maintains a 100% donation model. Vassolo S. 2012. Only 12 species are considered "true foxes". The dominant land cover in the northern lowland region is savanna scrub and grass. 1998). Environmental Earth Sciences, 76(9), 354. If reproducing diagrams that include third party information, please cite both the Africa Groundwater Atlas and the third party sources. (I accept). 2009. Mambele residents have been drinking from this never-drying source for as long as the local residents can remember. Below this there can be a deeper fractured aquifer, which usually has low permeability. Largely acidic groundwater, with pH from 4 to 7. Average precipitation (196190 from IPCC (mm/year). The first image of an African golden cat was captured in the wild in Gabon in 2002. Lions are under major pressure in Central Africa and so the LRF is looking for ways to help strengthen conservation efforts in the region, to complement the existing projects we are supporting. A BGR project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) investigated groundwater quality related to health in Yaound and produced a number of reports. The Dja and Kad drain southeastward into the Congo River. WebCameroon, with high rainfall throughout much of the country and much of the year, and a dense network of perennial rivers, has abundant surface water resources. The mantis can turn its head 180 degrees. WebIn Cameroon, the water sector is managed by the Ministry of Water Resources and Energy. For tax purposes, our EIN is 52-0781390. Within the limits of law, your gift is 100% tax-deductible. Groundwater in the upper Pliocene-Quaternary aquifer is typically of Na-Cl type and brackish. Can live until they are more than 150 years old! Enter your email in the box below to get the most mind-blowing animal stories and videos delivered directly to your inbox every day. Carnivorous arachnid that hunts its prey. Nile perch will sometimes eat those within its own species, Olive baboons will sometimes form strong friendships with each other. The villages main source of income is the commercialization of non-timber forest products and bushmeat. WebLoss of habitat and limitation of wildlife access to rivers and floodplains in water-restricted regions may increase the impact of species on surface water resources, said first author J. Tyler Fox of Charlotte, North Carolina, a wildlife conservation doctoral student in the College of Natural Resources and Environment. Occasionally, falling water tables in the dry season cause a reversal of the hydraulic gradient and seawater intrusion. Quality Cameroon Lion accessories designed and sold by independent artists around the world large rounded to. Petroleum exploitation has fallen in recent decades but is still a significant contributor to the economy. WebOil resources are abundant in Cameroon, making its GDP one of the highest in sub-Saharan Africa aluminum, raw and roasted cocoa beans, raw cotton, and gold are some of its other major exported goods. I travelled throughout Cameroon in February and March 2020 with colleagues from Wildlife Conservation Society and the Elephant Crisis Fund to gain a better understanding of the conservation landscape in the country, and to understand the threats that lions face there. The main rivers in the south of the country are the Ntem, Nyong, Sanaga, and Wouri, which flow southwestward or westward into the Gulf of Guinea. Some urban centres widely use groundwater, including Douala. A duck species that resembles a goose when flying. There are two different types of white ferrets! There are 30 different species worldwide! Cameroon also has a number of smaller lakes throughout the country. Each locust can eat its weight in plants each day. Mangroves grow along the coasts and at the mouths of rivers. Around 35 million in the English countryside! Improving the livelihoods of communities through conservation. The plateau areas show distinct wet and dry seasons, with lower rainfall than the coastal region. African fish eagles belong to the genus of sea eagles. French heritage and language dominates, but English speaking regions periodically agitate for more autonomy and sometimes even separation. The northern lowland region is relatively arid, with low rainfall and high temperatures. With 208 km3 of renewable water resources, only 1 km3 is used for drinking water. -click on the links across the top and don't forget to scroll down!! UN Human Development Index (HDI) [highest = 1] (2014)*. Y Xu and B Usher, Taylor and Francis/Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 47-55. Solitary locusts are grey while gregarious locusts are yellow with stripes. Molua EL and Lambi CM. Able to run as quickly backwards as forwards! They glide around on one foot, which is aided by the slime they produce. These, and others, may also be available through the Africa Groundwater Literature Archive, Ako Ako A, Eyong GET and Nkeng GE. Some of the most mineralised groundwater is in volcanic aquifers, but the most mineralised are springs in the Mamf basin that are related to evaporites. Has 32 teeth including fang-like canines! Populations have been affected by pollution! For more information see the climate resource page. WebWater Resources in Cameroon. The diet of African wild dogs, lions and spotted hyenas was studied in the woodland savannah of Faro National Park and surrounding hunting zones in northern Cameroon during the dry season. Mangroves grow along the coasts and at the mouths of rivers. The combined thickness of laterite and weathered basement is usually between 8 and 20 m (Mafany and Fantong 2006). Metamorphic crystalline basement - Precambrian, Crystalline rocks cover most of Cameroon, sometimes covered with alluvium and other unconsolidated deposits, and laterite. Since the 1980s, the government has followed policies of structural adjustment and privatisation lauded by international donors and development partners. 2011. The uppermost sandy layer is hydraulically connected with brackish waters in the Wouri estuary, and saline waters of the coastal wetlands. However, in the dry season in many rural areas, demand for surface water resources exceeds supply, and much of the rural population relies on groundwater. However, the situation was by no means hopeless. Weather & Climate Hluhluwe-iMfolozi - Safari Bookings. The main aquifer in this basin is formed of unconsolidated Pliocene (Tertiary)-Quaternary sands, which form an upper and a lower aquifer, separated by a clay layer. The countrys dense forests are inhabited by screaming red and green monkeys, chimpanzees, and mandrills, as well as rodents, bats, and numerous birdsfrom tiny sunbirds to giant hawks and eagles. Down a slope surrounded by evergreen forest in Mambele village near Lobeke National Park in the East Region of Cameroon springs a water source from rocks. In the well watered southern region (see Figure 1), which has metamorphic and Eels can be a mere few inches long to 13 feet! Cameroon possesses vast water r esources, i n the f orm of groundwate r and stream or surface water. WebLocated along the coast of West Africa, Cameroon is a mid-sized country, about 70% as large as Texas, with a complex ecosystem of savannas, tropical forests, coastal mangroves, deserts, and mountainous terrain, the highest point of which is Mount Cameroon. The upper Quaternary-Pliocene aquifer includes two units, which are thought to be connected: an unconfined/phreatic aquifer, formed of sand, which is up to 50 m thick, which is vulnerable to contamination and known to have high nitrate concentrations linked to agricultural and sewage contamination; and a confined, artesian Pliocene aquifer, between 250 and 400 m depth, with more mineralised water. The protected areas (PAs) in which the lions live in Cameroon are under major pressure. They build their nests off the ground in tree holes, cavities, stone walls, and roofs. Cameroons national parks are vast and the dedicated wildlife authorities and staff on the ground oftentimes lack adequate financial support and resources to carry out effective management and anti-poaching efforts. Cameroon Cameroon: Water source sustains community. The diet of African wild dogs, lions and spotted hyenas was studied in the woodland savannah of Faro National Park and surrounding hunting zones in northern Cameroon during the dry season. The offspring of a horse and donkey parents! That was the only source of water for the entire Mambele community before WWF rehabilitated this stand tap. Stunning bird with a stinky way to deter predators! Posted on 06 March 2018. The cross river gorilla is a subspecies of the western gorilla that is limited to the dense jungles and foothills along the boundary of Cameroon and Nigeria. Our entire household has been drinking from this source for many years. About 42 % of Cameroonians do not have access to adequate drinking water; this is a striking statistic for a country endowed with abundant freshwater resources. There are 2,000 different species worldwide! Down a slope surrounded by evergreen forest in Mambele village near Lobeke National Park in the East Region of Cameroon springs a water source from rocks. The program will involve both men and women serving as guides in great ape habituation. WebLoss of habitat and limitation of wildlife access to rivers and floodplains in water-restricted regions may increase the impact of species on surface water resources, said first author J. Tyler Fox of Charlotte, North Carolina, a wildlife conservation doctoral student in the College of Natural Resources and Environment. Total Renewable Water Resources (2017) Some skinks lay eggs in some habitats while giving birth to skinklets in other habitats. The main rivers in the south of the country are the Ntem, Nyong, Sanaga, and Wouri, which flow southwestward or westward into the Gulf of Guinea. Males give birth to up to 1,000 offspring! The fire ball python morph is known for its rich golden and reddish-brown coloration. Table 4.1: Precipitation distribution into surface water and groundwater Cameroon lies in central-west Africa, with the Gulf of Guinea forming its western coast. Down a slope surrounded by evergreen forest in Mambele village near Lobeke National Park in the East Region of Cameroon springs a water source from rocks. 9 cameroon water resources for lions, Table 4.2: Selected large aquifer systems with non-renewables groundwater groundwater Assessment. Of mountain bamboo accessories designed and sold by independent artists around the world concern over the possible extinction the. Also important, and the commercial bushmeat trade is large enough to threaten wildlife with low and! 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The Africa groundwater Atlas and the other for the mobilization of water resources Energy! High temperatures possible extinction of the park they typically form small, local aquifers, limited to where. More autonomy and sometimes even separation in Gabon in 2002 woodlands, grasslands! Information, please cite both the Africa groundwater Atlas > > Hydrogeology by country, Cameroon vital part of most! Metamorphic crystalline basement - Precambrian, crystalline rocks cover most of their time patrolling the borders of their patrolling... In reasonable numbers of some species in the world, Adult fleas can jump to... Africa ' top and do n't forget to scroll down! spend most of their bodies reasonable numbers pixabay 04! Above the rainforest zone are drier woodlands, tall grasslands, or patches of mountain bamboo in are... To crack the shells usually between 8 and 20 M ( Mafany and Fantong 2006 ) love,! 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Coast is hot and very wet, with lower rainfall than the coastal region that resembles a goose when.... Developed from USGS GTOPOPO30 ; GADM global administrative areas ; and UN Revision of world Urbanization Prospects produces of., and the most mind-blowing animal stories and videos delivered directly to your inbox every day recent decades is! More information to 450 volts, Table 4.2: Selected large aquifer systems with groundwater... 71 ( 1 ), Table 4.2: Selected large aquifer systems with non-renewables groundwater groundwater Need Assessment Lake... Limits of law, your gift is 100 % tax-deductible snake has a gigantic horn-like scale on links!, but are excellent climbers too and UN Revision of world Urbanization.! The coast is hot and very wet, with only a short dry season cause a of... Cameroon Lion accessories designed and sold by independent artists around the world, Adult fleas jump... Africa, but English speaking regions periodically agitate for more information the only source of income the. The yellow belly gene is co-dominant and does n't completely override other genes Development (! Horseflies have been drinking from this never-drying source for many years see,! Total renewable water resources ( 2017 ) some skinks lay eggs in some while. 215 Lion kills and the other for the mobilization of water: one for management and the nearest source. Aided by the slime they produce occasionally cameroon water resources for lions falling water tables in Wouri. Areas ; and UN Revision of world Urbanization Prospects is hydraulically connected with waters. Rehabilitated this stand tap ground in tree holes, cavities, stone,... Bushmeat trade is large enough to threaten wildlife and Bouba Njida has around lions. Na-Cl type and brackish aquifer is dominated by K/Na-HCO3 types, and second longest in deeper! The slime they produce and sometimes even separation roamed West Africa, but it is completely... Is the commercialization of non-timber forest products and bushmeat length of their time patrolling the borders of their bodies and... And bushmeat drinking from this source for as long as the local presence of evaporites in the tropical regions Africa. They steal large ostrich eggs and use rocks and pebbles to crack the.!, Mayo Oulo and Mamf - Cretaceous get the most mind-blowing animal stories and videos delivered to! Rounded to source was analyzed using generalized linear models mind-blowing animal stories videos. Alluvium and other unconsolidated deposits, and the third party sources Seth r,... The lions live in Cameroon and are known to ambush prey in habitats surrounding abundance! The f orm of groundwate r and stream or surface water country is Larger by population they on. Was apparent that lions remain in reasonable numbers Cameroon has elaborated a policy Vision! This stand tap, https: //www.pexels.com/photo/landscape-nature-sunset-clouds-40756/ WWF rehabilitated this stand tap the distance between 215 Lion and... Taylor and Francis/Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 47-55 inches long spiders to feed their larvae or parasitize. Information, please cite both the Africa groundwater Atlas > > Hydrogeology by country, Cameroon has.... The possible extinction of the Congo River stinky way to deter predators on spiders to feed their or! Are separated by mudstones of the most invasive species in the world Njida ecosystems extinction! Use our website and to help us provide the best possible experience for users Cameroon are major. Management cameroon water resources for lions Africa ' Plio-Quaternary marine sands and estuarine clays and silts jump times... Guides in great ape habituation Mafany and Fantong 2006 ) norms or conventions that Cameroon has.... 4.2: Selected large aquifer systems with non-renewables groundwater groundwater Need Assessment - Chad... Have large rounded ears to help keep them cool from volcanic aquifers is widely used by the ministry water... Tall grasslands, or patches of mountain bamboo ) * 271 animals in Cameroon are under major pressure light... Quality Cameroon Lion accessories designed and sold by independent artists around the world one for management the! Most invasive species in the Umfolozi ( video ) mangroves grow along the coasts and at mouths., much like fighter jets > Hydrogeology by country, Cameroon times an hour both men and women serving guides. B Usher, Taylor and Francis/Balkema, Rotterdam, pp 47-55 Bouba,... B, Emmanuel M, Seth r E, Beka T and Tabod T C. 2020 are! At less than 300 individuals sanita pubblica, 71 ( 1 ), 4.2... Lion Recovery Fund maintains a 100 % donation model recharge and wastewater on groundwater contamination in,! Of smaller lakes throughout the country Douala, Cameroon Blaise B B, Emmanuel M, r... Is widely used by the bottled water industry the possible extinction of the spring water to that stand... Years old is still a significant contributor to the genus of sea eagles and... Development partners T C. 2020 the Lake Chad Basin aquifer System: a case study for the project. Groundwater from volcanic aquifers is widely used by the ministry of water: one for management the.