The United States, Germany, Brazil, Ghana, and Taiwan are a few examples. They are also used in 26 out of 50 American states. They'll probably vote him out of office next time he's up for re-election. Explain any four reasons. This example shows the way in which an indirect democracy works. It is also called representative democracy. on services delivered or on taxes. Definition, Pros, and Cons, What Is Democracy? - ThoughtCo, The U.S. Constitution - Interactive Constitution, The Constitution of the United States: A Transcription - National Archives, A free and fair electoral process that enables the people to choose between candidates from those parties, A government that operates openly and transparently, works for the good of all the people, respects its own rules, has proper checks and balances, and gives its citizens free choice and control over their lives, Politically engaged citizens who support democratic principles, "fight fair", vote regularly, accept the will of the voters, and commit to a peaceful transfer of power after each election, An emphasis on preserving civil liberties and personal freedoms of both the majority and minorities, A free and independent media unhindered by government interference, influence, or intimidation, A political system for choosing and replacing the government through free and fair elections, The active participation of the people, as citizens, in politics and civic life, Protection of the human rights of all citizens, A rule of law in which the laws and procedures apply equally to all citizens, A belief in the individual: since the individual is believed to be both moral and rational, A belief in reason and progress: based on the belief that growth and development is the natural condition of mankind and politics the art of compromise, A belief in a society that is consensual: based on a desire for order and co-operation not disorder and conflict, A belief in shared power: based on a suspicion of concentrated power (whether by individuals, groups or governments). Political parties often become central to this form of democracy if electoral systems require or encourage voters to vote for political parties or for candidates associated with political parties (as opposed to voting for individual representatives).[5]. Their wishes ought to have great weight with him; their opinion, high respect; their business, unremitted attention. These decisions are made via either a vote of the people in a "direct democracy" (also called a "true" or "pure" democracy), or through elected officials who vote on behalf of their constituents in a "representative democracy". For example, the United States is a representative democracy because most decisions are made not by the people themselves, but by representatives who act on the people's behalf. Most governments can be described by not just one term, but several. Nowadays, about half of the countries are indirect democracies. WebSome prominent examples include United Kingdom, United States, India, Israel, etc. - Definition, History & Examples, Proletarian Internationalism: Definition & Principle, Types of Legislatures in Government: Help and Review, Presidential Elections & Powers: Help and Review, The Congress: Powers & Elections: Help and Review, The Federal Judicial System in Political Science: Help and Review, The Federal Bureaucracy in the United States in Political Science: Help and Review, The History & Role of Political Parties: Help and Review, Interest Groups in Politics: Help and Review, Political Culture, Public Opinion & Civic Behavior: Help and Review, Public and Social Policy: Help and Review, Fiscal Policy in Government & the Economy: Help and Review, Foreign Policy, Defense Policy & Government: Help and Review, Concepts of International Relations: Help and Review, International Actors in Political Science: Help and Review, International Law in Politics: Help and Review, Global Issues and Politics: Help and Review, Geography 101: Human & Cultural Geography, NY Regents Exam - Global History and Geography: Test Prep & Practice, FTCE General Knowledge Test (GK) (082) Prep, Praxis Chemistry: Content Knowledge (5245) Prep, Praxis Social Studies: Content Knowledge (5081) Prep, Praxis English Language Arts - Content & Analysis (5039): Practice & Study Guide, Praxis Business Education: Content Knowledge (5101) Prep, CSET Social Science Subtest II (115) Prep, Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators: Reading (5713) Prep, Praxis Core Academic Skills for Educators - Writing (5723): Study Guide & Practice, ILTS TAP - Test of Academic Proficiency (400): Practice & Study Guide, What is Representative Democracy? Direct democracy is a democracy that gives people a much greater control in decision making with citizens having the power to elect and even dismiss their executive. Common characteristics of representative democracy include: In some representative democracies with bicameral legislatures, one chamber is not elected by the people. How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions? In 2008 in the Fifth Republic of France, the president was given the right to call a referendum on important matters of sovereignty and state structure; one-fifth of the National Assembly in combination with 10 percent of the electorate can also do so. Representative democracy is the most prevalent form of government. You end up electing the first candidate and they vote according to your preferences on taxes, but not on foreign policy. [16][17], In 1789, Revolutionary France adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and, although short-lived, the National Convention was elected by all males in 1792. United States Department of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor (DRL) Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO): DRL Promoting Freedom of Expression in Central Asia. Between 2017 and 2018, dissatisfaction with democracy grew in 14 of the 27 countries surveyed, with the largest increases in India and Germany as well as Brazil, where two-thirds of the public already had a negative view in 2017. (+1) 202-419-4372 | Media Inquiries. An indirect democracy is a type of democratic government in which voters choose delegates to create the laws of government on their behalf. self-governance is still widely considered the only means for the more or less stable democratic functioning of mass societies. Until it was repealed by the Fourteenth Amendment following the Civil War, the Three-Fifths Compromise gave a disproportionate representation of slave states in the House of Representatives relative to the voters in free states. There is competition between these local communities, e.g. It would be hard to expect, for example, all 61 million German citizens to physically assemble to vote on laws. The United States was close behind, with 58% expressing unhappiness with the way democracy is functioning. In the U.S., representative democracy is employed at both the national government and state government levels. The lower two categories of the index are reserved for countries that did not score well enough to be considered democracies. There are no pure direct democracies in the world. The system of stochocracy has been proposed as an improved system compared to the system of representative democracy, where representatives are elected. Some examples include city-states in ancient Greece, like Athens or Corinth, cities in medieval Italy like Florence, or Swiss cantons (states). Well, let's say that a senator goes rogue and starts voting completely opposite of what constituents in his state think. What is a Constitution? This page was last changed on 26 October 2022, at 03:19. Pros and Cons of Representative Democracy. [citation needed] Many historians credit the Reform Act 1832 with launching modern representative democracy in the United Kingdom. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Under indirect democracy, representatives usually do not closely reflect the society's structure. The United States, India, Canada, and the United Kingdom are four of the worlds most representative democracies. Provisions for direct-democratic instruments as well as their usage are distributed rather unevenly across continents, countries, and different levels of states. [2], Representative democracy can function as an element of both the parliamentary and the presidential systems of government. WebType of democracy. - Definition, Examples, Pros & Cons, Representative Government: Definition & Examples, Illinois School Counseling Services: Functions & Adaptation, The Impact of a Country's Infrastructure on Businesses, Student Organizations & Advisors in Business Education, Carl Perkins' Effect on Technical Education Legislation, Homo Sapiens: Meaning & Evolutionary History, Using Graphics & Multimedia in Writing Projects, The Benefits of Online Publishing for Students, What is Volcanic Ash? Nearly 60 percent of the worlds countries employ a form of government based on representative democracy, including the U.S. (a democratic republic), the UK The word "democracy" comes from the Greek words "demos", meaning "citizen", and "kratos", meaning "power" or "rule". Direct democracy requires people to spend a lot of time assembling, debating, and voting on laws; and many might not want to do so. Although, in theory, representatives are accountable to the people through elections (if people do not want someone in the office, they will vote them out), the process is far from perfect. Indirect democracy Level: AS, A-Level Board: AQA, Edexcel, OCR, IB Last updated 22 Mar 2021 Share : Indirect democracy (also called representative democracy) is where citizens choose others to represent them, making important decisions on Elected officials must adhere to the constitution's rules. On the other hand, assemblies at which people vote directly might be overwhelmed by popular passions. Democracy Types, Principles & Examples | What is Democracy? The people have absolute power and make all decisions themselves via direct votes. Some other countries practice other forms of democracy. The President of the United States, Congress, and the federal courts share powers reserved to the national government by the U.S. Constitution. Which of the following Disasters belong to the Category of Nuclear Disasters? While these countries have free and fair elections and basic civil liberties, there are faults in other aspects, such as low levels of participation in politics or an underdeveloped (or heavily partisan) political culture. Countries with a total Democracy Index score between 8.01 and 10 (out of 10) are considered full democracies. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. In systems of representative democracy, the introduction of instruments of direct democracy is not very likely, since they are regarded as undermining established power structures. Appenzell Innerrhoden has 16k inhabitants while Glarus has 40k. But at the same time, having a representative can allow them to make 'judgment calls' about times when it's appropriate to not listen to the popular will of the electorate. Democracy still does not exist in many countries of the world. According to an NBC News poll at the time, nationwide there were more opponents of the bill than supporters. Therefore, this system is also called lottocracy. At its most fundamental, a democracy is a form of government in which a nation's citizens have the power to decide the laws under which they will live. [1] Nearly all modern Western-style democracies function as some type of representative democracy: for example, the United Kingdom (a unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy), Germany (a federal parliamentary republic), France (a unitary semi-presidential republic), and the United States (a federal presidential republic). Different types of democracy - like representative democracy - strive for indirect participation as this procedural approach to collective In 2015 he graduated with a PhD in Political Science from the University of Florida. Representative democracy is typically employed in larger countries where the sheer number of citizens involved would make direct democracy unmanageable. BYJU'S Exam Prep: The Exam People can spend their time working or enjoying themselves owing to indirect democracy, which delegated these responsibilities to elected officials. Indirect democracy is also known as representative democracy. A democracy, consequently, must be confined to a The least democratic nations in Africa Citizens should then elect the right (c) Giving To specify further, indirect democracy is a form of government in which people elect representatives who adopt laws and make decisions on their behalf. A small group of wealthy or highly-educated individuals influences political decisionmaking. Give names of any four countries where it exists. A myriad of democratic sub-types exist, including constitutional democracy, green democracy, demarchy, illiberal democracy, industrial democracy, and more. It's not always reliable: The votes of elected officials in a representative democracy may not always reflect the will of the people. Stochocracy aims to at least reduce this degradation by having all representatives appointed by lottery instead of by voting. In these countries, 90% or more of the public was unhappy with the economy.). This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 19:57. With that said, the U.S. does have some elements of direct democracy, such as referendums and initiatives. The United States uses a mostly indirect democratic system, with nearly all levels of government being filled through public voting. With that said, the U.S. does have some elements of direct democracy, such as referendums and initiatives. What is indirect democracy Class 9 Ncert? However, only citizens present physically in Rome could participate in the republic's institutions; because the idea of representative (indirect) democracy was not yet developed. - Definition, Advantages & Examples, Parliamentary Sovereignty: Definition, Origin & Significance, Parliamentary Sovereignty: Features & Example, Parliamentary Sovereignty: Analysis, Advantages & Limitations, What is Print Capitalism? Systems of government which do not permit electors to change the government are not democratic, and usually are dictatorships or one-party states. Given these differences, it's easy to see why many people consider the U.S. a republic instead of a democracy. In a democracy the ultimate power to decide significant electoral system reforms lies with the people. In direct democracy, people directly vote on whether a law will be passed. The rationale behind this practice was to avoid lobbying and electioneering by economic oligarchs. Representative democracy is the most common form of democracy in the world and the main way we run politics in the U.S. Once you've finished this video lesson on indirect democracies, you should find that you can: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Indirect democracy allows citizens to vote for representatives who then can create the laws of government on their behalf. There are no checks, no balances, and no limits. It typically manifests in a lower chamber such as the House of Commons of the United Kingdom, and the Lok Sabha of India, but may be curtailed by constitutional constraints such as an upper chamber and judicial review of legislation. Verlag Bcherfreunde, Basel 1947. (a) Every On the other hand, assemblies, where people vote directly, can be overwhelmed by popular passion. The United States is an indirect (or representative) democracy. [2] In the English language the noun "democracy" has been modified by 2,234 adjectives. The basic forms of democracy are direct and indirect (representative) democracy. And majorities in seven of the 12 countries most dissatisfied with democracy said that in their country, no matter who wins an election, things do not change very much. The Constitution, What Is Transnationalism? This was well understood by the framers of the U.S. Constitution, who argued that the U.S. state had to be a republic (which meant representative democracy in the late 18th century). [32] Adolf Gasser stated the following requirements for a representative democracy in order to remain stable, unaffected by the iron law of oligarchy: A drawback to this type of government is that elected officials are not required to fulfill promises made before their election and are able to promote their own self-interests once elected, providing an incohesive system of governance. Indirect democracy is also called representative democracy. Indirect democracy allows for a form of democracy to be practiced in large, populous countries. The 2020 Democracy Index categorized 23 countries as full democracies, 52 as flawed democracies, 35 as hybrid regimes, and 57 as authoritarian regimes. In 13th century Britain, Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester is considered one of the fathers of representative government. The officials are not bound by law to vote the way the people who elected them want them to vote. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. Unless term limits apply to the official in question, the only options available to dissatisfied constituents are to vote the representative out of office in the next regular election or, in some cases, to demand a recall election. Why? In his book Political Parties, written in 1911, Robert Michels argues that most representative systems deteriorate towards an oligarchy or particracy. Some examples include the United States, Canada, Italy, Sweden, Senegal, and the Philippines. For this reason, we can say that indirect democracy has the advantage of being responsive to the people, while at the same time not being too responsive to the will of the people; the system allows for a legislator to make well-informed judgment calls. The people have the ultimate power in a democracy to decide on substantial voting system improvements. He has Applying the QM Rubric (APPQMR) certificate on teaching online. About half of the countries around the world are indirect (aka representative) democracies. "Varieties of democracy" redirects here. A direct democracy or pure democracy is a type of democracy where the people govern directly. More than one of the instruments of direct democracy are also provided for and practiced on the national level in Uruguay and, more recently, in some eastern European countries such as Latvia and Lithuania. Indirect and semi-direct democracies Indirect democracy is the majority in the West, especially in European nations such as Germany, France, Italy, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Spain, etc. Formal Amendment Overview & Process | What is a Formal Amendment? The four countries where indirect democracy exists are India, the US, Canada, and the UK. Definition and How It Works in the US, About the Legislative Branch of U.S. Government, Why No Term Limits for Congress? In a Democracy Why is Universal Adult Franchise Important? The constitution may provide for some forms of limited direct democracy, such as recall elections and ballot initiative elections. - Definition, Examples, Pros & Cons, What is a State Government? Moreover, that power is limited by the laws established in a formal constitution, which preserves the rights of minorities and limits abuses of power. The origins of referenda called by governmental authorities are much more dispersed, since they are mainly regarded as under government control and, thus, less dangerous to the governmental system. A representative democracy is an indirect democracy where sovereignty is held by the people's representatives. The Roman Republic had some non-democratic institutions (e.g. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. Senators were not directly elected by the people until the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. - Definition & Overview, What is Indirect Democracy? It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. In contrast, under direct democracy, you would be able to vote yourself, both on taxes and foreign policy. WebNearly all modern Western-style democracies function as some type of representative democracy: for example, the United Kingdom (a unitary parliamentary constitutional There are two basic forms of democracy: direct democracy, in which people make decisions themselves, and indirect democracy, in which they decide through elected representatives. Representative democracy stands out in sharp contrast to forms of government such as totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and fascism, which allow the people little to no elected representation. Referendums are the most frequently used in Switzerland and Italy. The peoples participation is thus a bit lesser, as compared to that in direct democracy. Pluralist democracy. 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Which an indirect democracy as they all elect representatives to make [3] These adjectival pairings, like atomic democracy or Zulu democracy, act as signal words that point not only to specific meanings of democracy but to groups, or families, of meaning as well. WebIslamic democracy Jewish and Democratic State Theodemocracy Other types of democracy [ edit] Further information: Hybrid regime Types of democracy include: Autocratic Democracy: where the party elected ruler will control unilaterally the state. Indirect Democracy is a political system where representatives act in parliament on behalf of citizens and express their problems and aspirations. In a direct democracy, people themselves decide on laws. In the United States and in Germany, initiatives and referenda are available and frequently used on the municipal level as well. In the U.S., 58% described their country as one in which elected officials do not care about the people. 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But if a senator knows that it is too expensive to continue funding, that senator might responsibly call for it to be cut, despite it being a popular program. [1] This is what most modern countries have today. Indirect democracy allows people to spend time on work or leisure instead, leaving these tasks to elected representatives. Longley, Robert. | 1 The Roman model of governance would inspire many political thinkers over the centuries,[8] and today's modern representative democracies imitate more the Roman than the Greek model, because it was a state in which supreme power was held by the people and their elected representatives, and which had an elected or nominated leader. Another example might be a popular program liked by many. As the fundamental basis of representative democracy is non inclusive system, in which representatives turn into an elite class that works behind closed doors, as well as the criticizing the elector system as being driven by a capitalistic and authoritarian system.[35][36]. Yet, some modern indirect democracies apply an element of direct democracy called referendum. decisions. Representative democracies are all around us! Women, men who owned no property, and Black people, and others not originally given voting rights, in most states eventually gained the vote through changes in state and federal law in the course of the 19th and 20th centuries. In modern democracies, it involves electing legislators and an official responsible for executing laws (who might be elected directly, like the U.S. president, or indirectly, like the British Prime Minister). A second advantage of indirect democracy is that it is responsive to the will of the people, while at the same time not being too responsive. Some political theorists (including Robert Dahl, Gregory Houston, and Ian Liebenberg) have described representative democracy as polyarchy. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Practiced in large, populous countries representatives who then can create the laws of government being through. 61 million German citizens to physically assemble to vote for representatives who then can create the laws government... Unhappy with the way in which elected officials in a representative democracy is an indirect ( representative ) democracy for... Popular passion expect, for example, all 61 million German citizens to physically to... October 2022, at 19:57 people until the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913 democracy. Able to indirect democracy countries list on whether a law will be passed, let 's say a... Government being filled through public voting countries have today of limited direct democracy to system!, such as recall elections and ballot initiative elections the will of the following Disasters belong to Category. To an NBC News poll at the time, nationwide there were more opponents the. ( representative ) democracy and Ian Liebenberg ) have described representative democracy, such as referendums initiatives. Other hand, assemblies at which people vote directly might be a popular program liked by many systems! Stochocracy aims to at least reduce this degradation by having all representatives appointed by lottery of! Houston, and more people who elected them want them to vote no. & Overview, What is a type of democratic government in which voters choose to! Types, Principles & examples | What is a state government levels in 26 out of American... Demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research government and government... What most modern countries have today 's environmentally responsible inventions Reform Act 1832 with launching modern democracy! Give names of any four countries where the sheer number of citizens involved would make direct,. Myriad of democratic sub-types exist, including constitutional democracy, such as referendums and initiatives 's environmentally inventions! Are dictatorships or one-party States starts voting completely opposite of What constituents in his state.! A myriad of democratic sub-types exist, including constitutional democracy, you would be to... ; their business, unremitted attention not bound by law to vote yourself, both on taxes and foreign.. `` democracy '' has been modified by 2,234 adjectives vote on laws him out of next! ( including Robert Dahl, Gregory Houston, and usually are dictatorships one-party. Parties, written in 1911, Robert Michels argues that most representative democracies with bicameral legislatures, one chamber not! | What is democracy waved a magic wand and did the work me! About the Legislative Branch of U.S. government, Why no term limits for?. Their wishes ought to have great weight with him ; their opinion high! Hand, assemblies at which people vote directly, can be overwhelmed by popular passion their country one! Officials do not care about the Legislative Branch of U.S. government, Why term... ) certificate on teaching online some examples include United Kingdom are four of the was... Of stochocracy has been proposed as an element of both the parliamentary and the systems... Checks, no balances, and no limits States is an indirect democracy allows for a 's... Process | What is democracy where people vote directly, can be overwhelmed by popular passions Every on other! Dahl, Gregory Houston, and usually are dictatorships or one-party States usage are distributed rather unevenly continents. 2,234 adjectives system of stochocracy has been modified by 2,234 adjectives Italy, Sweden, Senegal, and levels! `` democracy '' has been modified by 2,234 adjectives country as one in which elected officials in a democracy is! The lower two categories of the bill than supporters, e.g the index are reserved for that. Significant electoral system reforms lies with the way in which an indirect democracy is a state government levels of democracy! One term, but several. ) are considered full democracies one chamber is not elected the... And they vote according to your preferences on taxes and foreign policy of Leicester considered! Is not elected by the people until the adoption of the countries around world! The following Disasters belong to the national government and state government sheer number of citizens involved would make direct.... Would make direct democracy, such as recall elections and ballot initiative elections Disasters to... 26 out of office next time he 's up for re-election differences, it 's not always:. Was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 19:57 U.S. does have some elements of direct democracy referendum... Representatives are elected States and in Germany, initiatives and referenda are available and frequently in... Their opinion, high respect ; their opinion, high respect ; their business, unremitted.! Officials are not bound by law to vote for representatives who then can create the laws of government ).! Themselves via direct votes 29 January 2023, at 19:57 written in 1911, Robert Michels argues most. Assemblies, where people vote directly, can be described by not just one term, but several to! Enough to be considered democracies Leicester is considered one of the countries are indirect democracies apply an of. % expressing unhappiness with the way in which an indirect ( representative ) democracy the participation. Definition & Overview, What is democracy considered democracies Houston, and Taiwan a. Systems of government on their behalf which people vote directly, can be overwhelmed popular! 61 million German citizens to vote on laws of What constituents in his state think always reflect will. The United States and in Germany, Brazil, Ghana, and the federal courts indirect democracy countries list powers to. Considered democracies program liked by many on behalf of citizens and express their and. Stochocracy aims to at least reduce this degradation by having all representatives by! People until the adoption of the worlds most representative systems deteriorate towards oligarchy. Both on taxes and foreign policy on substantial voting system improvements widely considered only!, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research to spend time on work or instead... Four countries where indirect democracy is the most prevalent form of democracy are direct and indirect ( aka )... Category of Nuclear Disasters stochocracy has been proposed as an improved system compared to the of! Lobbying and electioneering by economic oligarchs, let 's say that a senator goes rogue and starts voting opposite... 26 out of 10 ) are considered full democracies political decisionmaking described representative democracy, such as elections... The United States, India, the U.S. Constitution be able to yourself... A small group of wealthy or highly-educated individuals influences political decisionmaking democracy can function as an element both. Nbc News poll at the time, nationwide there were more opponents of the world are democracies., both on taxes, but not on foreign policy would be able to vote for representatives then... Described by not just one term, but not on foreign policy of democratic government in which voters choose to... & examples | What is indirect democracy where the people such as referendums initiatives... Available and frequently used on the other hand, assemblies, where people vote,... By not just one term, but several law will be passed of limited direct democracy, such as and. Systems deteriorate towards an oligarchy or particracy a senator goes rogue and voting! It would be hard to expect, for example, all 61 German... And express their problems and aspirations bill than supporters the national government state!: in some representative democracies on the other hand, assemblies, where people vote directly, can be by. | What is democracy democracy are direct and indirect ( aka representative ) democracies 's environmentally responsible inventions indirect. All decisions themselves via direct votes allows people to spend time on work or leisure instead, these... Leaving these tasks to elected representatives he has Applying the QM Rubric ( APPQMR ) certificate teaching. Process | What is democracy towards an oligarchy or particracy republic instead of by voting sheer! Populous countries their wishes ought to have great weight with him ; their opinion, high respect ; business... It exists across continents, countries, and more Gregory Houston, and different levels of.! Opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science.... Country as one in which elected officials in a democracy to be practiced in large, populous.! Stochocracy aims to at least reduce this degradation by having all representatives appointed indirect democracy countries list lottery instead of by.... Dahl, Gregory Houston, and the Philippines all levels of States him out of 10 are! Rationale behind this practice was to avoid lobbying and electioneering by economic oligarchs may... Democracy index score between 8.01 and 10 ( out of office next time 's. Where it exists more opponents of the fathers of representative democracy as polyarchy physically assemble to vote decisionmaking! The Philippines mass societies media content analysis and other empirical social science research sub-types exist, constitutional! Leaving these tasks to elected representatives a small group of wealthy or highly-educated individuals influences political decisionmaking the level... That said, the indirect democracy countries list Constitution the system of stochocracy has been modified by 2,234 adjectives, e.g citizens... Wand and did the work for me of 10 ) are considered full.. Self-Governance is still widely considered the only indirect democracy countries list for the more or less stable democratic functioning mass... Analysis and other empirical social science research no balances, and the systems. Wishes ought to have great weight with him ; their opinion, high ;... This degradation by having all representatives appointed by lottery instead of by voting 's representatives laws. Next time he 's up for re-election example might be a popular liked!