1926.652(b) Design of sloping and benching systems. Shoring or shielding selected as the method of protection. Process generally follows what sequence, Secure the scene notify people investigate repot, test often conducted to initially identify and evaluate potential, generally the first and best strategy to control the hazard, the general duty clause imposes requirements on, the general duty clause of the occupational safety, why sometimes do construction workers take risks, positive role models who are committed to safety, OSHA 30 Construction Test Answer Key ELECTROC, OSHA 30 Construction Test Answer Key MANAGING, Fundamentals of Engineering Economic Analysis, David Besanko, Mark Shanley, Scott Schaefer, Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, Hendrick Van Ness, J.M. Installation of a support system shall be closely coordinated with the excavation of trenches. OSHA standards for excavation appear in CFR 1926, Subpart P. A competent person is an individual who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards or working conditions that are hazardous, unsanitary, or dangerous to workers, soil types and protective systems required, and who is authorized to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate these hazards and conditions.. The only workers allowed in the trench should be those who are absolutely needed to perform the task at hand. Employers are required to provide support, such as hydraulic shoring, bracing, or underpinning, to ensure that adjacent structures remain stable for the protection of workers. The service requires full cookie support in order to view this website. Slope can also be calculated using other tabulated data based on the soil type or a professional engineers design. Rezervni dijelovi; Autolimarija i autolakirnica; Autoelektrika Where the working area of an excavation is constantly moving, as in laying a conduit, shield systems or trench boxes may be the more appropriate protective devices to use. A safety and health program changes as an organization changes. 1926.652(b)(3) which requires Appendices A and B to be followed. Designs of sloping or benching systems shall be selected from and be in accordance with tabulated data, such as tables and charts. 5. All the above. "Certain systems are good to a certain depth, and then you need other systems to take over after that," said Lindsley. Once youve determined that the excavation requires a protective system, you can move on to determine which system to use. You can correct any missed questions and check your answers again. 3. Information is presented in several forms as follows: (f) Examples to Illustrate the Use of Tables C-1.1 through C-1.3. (iii) At least one copy of the design shall be maintained at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. Manufacturer's specifications, recommendations, and limitations, and manufacturer's approval to deviate from the specifications, recommendations, and limitations shall be in written form at the jobsite during construction of the protective system. After clicking the button, the questions you missed will be listed below. Management can use analytics to view safety trends by personnel, team, project, or organization. 2. With these requirements addressed, contractors can not only provide safe job sites but also enable personnel to be productive in delivering quality work on time and within budget. Want to read all 2 pages? Design of support systems, shield systems, or other protective systems that are drawn from manufacturer's tabulated data shall be in accordance with all specifications, recommendations, and limitations issued or made by the manufacturer. What is the relationship between electronegativity and the polarity of a chemical bond? (b) Soil Classification. Of the four trenching and excavation protective systems, shield systems are also the most straightforward and simplistic, presenting less of a learning curve. 20 ft, Cylinders may be used as roller or supporters when, Whenever practicable all arc welding and cutting operations must be, Protect workers from the direct rays of the arc, Arc welding cables in need of repair must, Not be used and effectively repaired by a qualified person or disposed, When a structure or pipeline is employed as a ground return circuit, The required electrical contact exists at all joints, When welding or cutting I locations with combustibles, Hot work permit issued by the welding supervisor or other qualified person, You must never weld cut or perform hot work when, Which of the following is an example of a confined space, A permit required confined space will often have which of the following hazards, Which of the following is considered a confined space hazard, Excavations involving vapors and storage tanks are examples of a permit required confined space because both have, The potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere, A permit does each of the following except, Which of the following is a reason why a confined space permit is required, An employer must ensure the following for entry into a permit space, Safe methods for entering and exiting the space, According to OSHA standards in subpart AA 1926 1204 when must a written permit space program be made, What is an employer required to do when a permit space is present at a worksite even though employees do not need to enter the space, Take steps to prevent employees from entering the space, Testing for the presence of oxygen is important for any confined space the concentration of oxygen in a confined space should be, For occupancy of a confined space when must hazard evaluation tests be conducted, Oxygen deficiency is defined as an atmosphere with less than, An inert has such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen is used to, Disconnecting or calling lines that may empty into the permit space, Controlling and removing potential hazardous substances or hazardous energy from entering confined space is control technique known as, Who is required to provide an entry permit for a permit required confined space, The two principal types of respirators are, To safely use air monitoring equipment in a confined space an operating must, Communications system equipment to be used in confined spaces may include which (a) Scope and application. means an inclined walking or working surface that is used to gain access to one point from another, and is constructed from earth or from structural materials such as steel or wood. Protective systems for use in excavations more than 20 feet in depth must be designed by a registered professional engineer in accordance with Sec. There are four types of protective systems used for trench safety: sloping, shoring, shielding, and benching. Note collapse of the benching. Which of the following is considered the safest of the four methods to prevent an excavation wall collapse? Examples of protective systems that can be used to comply with the Excavation standards include: Sloping the sides of the excavation to an angle not steeper than 1:1 (for every foot of depth, the trench must be excavated back 1 feet). Deep and long trenches are probably better suited to timber shoring than any other form of protective system. To start using SafeSites powerful data collection tools for free today, sign up. For every 1 feet horizontally, the height of the slope increases by 1 foot. Federal trenching safety standards require protective systems for trenches deeper than 5 feet, that soil and other materials be kept at least 2 feet from the trench's edge. (1) Soil classification. The requirements of this appendix apply when the design of sloping and benching protective systems is to be performed in accordance with the requirements set forth in 1926.652(b)(2). Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance. Workers were ordered out of the trench just moments before a portion collapsed avoiding possible injury or loss of life. 1926.652(b)(4) which requires the excavation to be designed by a registered professional engineer. We keep a pulse on the latest regulations, standards, and industry trends in safety and write about them here on our blog. (i) Support systems, shield systems, and other protective systems not utilizing Option 1, Option 2 or Option 3, above, shall be approved by a registered professional engineer. 1926.652(a) Protection of employees in excavations. OSHA requires protective systems when a trench reaches a depth of five feet. www.constructionequipment.com is using a security service for protection against online attacks. Explain. Each employee in an excavation shall be protected from cave-ins by an adequate protective system designed in accordance with paragraph (b) or (c) of this section except when: Excavations are made entirely in stable rock; or. when it is being dug in areas where erosion, deep frost, or sliding is probable. Distress means that the soil is in a condition where a cave-in is imminent or is likely to occur. Protective systems include support systems, sloping and benching systems, shield systems, and other systems that provide the necessary protection. After that time this data may be stored off the jobsite, but a copy shall be made available to the Secretary upon request. Protective systems are just one area to consider for trench safety and excavation. means an atmosphere which by reason of being explosive, flammable, poisonous, corrosive, oxidizing, irritating, oxygen deficient, toxic, or otherwise harmful, may cause death, illness, or injury. If the competent person cannot assure the material or equipment is able to support the intended loads or is otherwise suitable for safe use, then such material or equipment shall be removed from service, and shall be evaluated and approved by a registered professional engineer before being returned to service. (i) Designs of support systems, shield systems, or other protective systems shall be selected from and be in accordance with tabulated data, such as tables and charts. Shield systems shall not be subjected to loads exceeding those which the system was designed to withstand. Deviation from the specifications, recommendations, and limitations issued or made by the manufacturer shall only be allowed after the manufacturer issues specific written approval. Excavation of material to a level no greater than 2 feet (.61 m) below the bottom of the members of a support system shall be permitted, but only if the system is designed to resist the forces calculated for the full depth of the trench, and there are no indications while the trench is open of a possible loss of soil from behind or below the bottom of the support system. In Type B soil, the trench excavation is permitted only in cohesive soil. all the above, Mixed oak timbers have greater bending strength per square inch than Douglas fir, Type B soils afford how many options of protection, Shores must be pumped to a minimum of 750 pounds of pressure but more is recommended, Aluminum hydraulic shoring permits both installation and removal without entering the trench, In type C soil the angle of repose is very low how many degrees must the angle be, The struts of a screw jack system must be adjusted manually which creates a hazard because the worker is required to, Be in the trench in order to adjust the strut, All systems have a set manufacturers tabulated data to be used for proper design and installation of the equipment, Placing a shield between the side of an excavation and the work area can minimize the risk in the event of a crave in, The depth at which an excavation needs attention from a registered professional engineer is, Shoring and shielding can be custom built from tabulated data approved by a registered professional engineer, Each of the following is true of accumulating water hazards except, Special supporters or shields are not allowed, All surface encumbrances must be removed or supported within, A surface is anything that could create what in or around a trench, Being dangerously close to a falling load, When exposed to Vehicular traffic your excavation site must have, Establishing eye contact with your equipment operator is a general safety principle when working outside the working radius, Each of the following is true underground installations expect, Walkways must have handrails when at or more above lower levels, A competent person must inspect all excavations adjacent areas and protective systems daily and as needed throughout the shift, Warning systems for mobile equipment include barricades hand signals stop logs, When using a ladder in a trench it must be, After identifying a possible cave in protective system failure or hazardous atompsohere the competent person, Removes workers until precautions have been taken, OSHA defines a competent person in part as someone who has the authority to take prompt corrective measures to eliminate hazards, The OSHA soils standard applies to each of these except, The competent person must be a superintendent foreman or manager, Which soil cannot be molded when moist and crumbles easily when dry, Free seeping soil is considered submerged soil, A hand sized sample of cemented soil can't be crushed into powder, Saturation does not mean that water in the soil itself will flow, Tension cracks are rarely a sign of imminent trench failure, An increase or a decrease in moisture can both damage trench stability, When the vertical face of a trench shears along a tension crack line it is known as, Toppling heaving or squeezing can occur even when shoring or shielding has been properly installed, An unsupported excavation can create an unbalanced stress causing, Boiling is an upward water flow into bottom of the cut, Loads are any increase in weight in the adjacent areas next to the cut, A slippery sheet is a potential characteristic of, If cracked, fissured vibrates or otherwise disurbed soil is not, After you complete the plasticity rest of soil sample does not break or tear the soil is considered, In layered soils which layer has the most critical, If you have a trench greater than 20 feet, You just use a registered professional engineer, One advantage to using shoring tables is not having to determine the soil type, Is any mechanical system used to prevent collapse of an excavation, Selection of size spacing of shoring meme era are based on height and width of trench, Which of the following variables is not considered the timber shortening tables found in appendix C, Shoring is covered in the OSHA standards sub part P, When vertical shores are used there must be a minimum of shores spaced equally horizontal in a group, Aluminum hydraulic shores are usually installed in type A soil, If your are using sheeting with aluminum hydraulic shoring what do we know about the shores or wales, Given type A soil conditions and a 40 ton, When using trench boxes why is the space between the box and trench wall back filled, Earth excavation to the depth of below the shield permitted, Job built trench boxes are never allowed in construction, If using a trench box combination with sloping or benching the box should extend at least, The forklift operator should be know the weight of materials to be moved the limitations of the equipment and the information on the equipments load capacity, Surfaces are level free of hazards and designed to withstand load, All protruding reinforcing steel onto and into which employees could fall must be, Construction loads should not be placed on a concrete structure or portion of a concrete structure unless it has been determined to do so by a, Person who is qualified in structural design, Employees must not be permitted to work under concrete buckets except when wearing a hard hat, Requires on equipment if there is the possibility of inadvertent operation of equipment that could cause injury, Concrete buckets equipped with hydraulic or pneumatic gates shall have, Positive safety patches or similar safety devices, No employee shall be permitted to enter storage facilities unless the ejection system has been, Lift slab operations must be designed and planned by, A registered professional engineer experienced in a lift slab construction, Lifting inserts that are embedded or otherwise attached to tilt up wall panels must be capable of supporting at least the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to them, Masonry wall construction that is more than 8 feet and unsupported, A what or control switch cuts off power to the machine when pressure is released, Safety guards used on portable grinders are allowed a maximum exposure angle of, If an air hose is greater than 1/2 inch in diameter a what must be installed, When using high velocity tools do not drive fasteners closer than, A powder actuated tool must not be able to operate until it is pressed against, Each job site should be evaluated by before work begins, With respect to hot work location all objects, Potential response contacts may include all except, The top rail of a guardrail system must be within plus or minus 3 inches, A multiple lift rigging assembly manufactured by wire rope rigging suppliers is known as, A positioning device system must limit free fall distance to no more than, Generally written notification must document that concrete in footing, What should be consulted for cranes and Derrick selection and placement, A crane lift must never exceed maximum of, For steel assembly there should not be more than how many stories between the erection floor, During steel assembly the bundle of decking is placed on a minimum, During steel assembly the employer shall ensure that the weight of a bundle, 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